Unit 4: “ INTERACTION”
1.- The five senses
2.- The nervous system
3.-The locomotor system.
4.- Healthy habits
1.- The five senses
- Sight elements: eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.
- Hearing elements: semicircular canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.
- Smell elements: nostrils, nerve receptor and olfatory
nerve.
- Taste elements: taste buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.
Smell and taste go together
because they have got a close relationship.
- Touch elements: dermis, nerves, blood vessels.
Activities
1.- List the five senses.
2.- List three elements of sight
3.-List three elements of hearing
4.- List three elements of smell
5.- List three elements of taste
6.- List three elements of touch
2.- The nervous system
The characteristics of the nervous system are:
- - It receives information
from the five senses.
- - It is made up of millions
of neurons.
- It
is divided in two parts: the central
nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
2.1.-The central nervous system
The
central nervous system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.
2.1.1.The brain
o The main characteristics are:
- The brain is the control
centre.
- It is procteted by the
skull or cranium.
- It controls voluntary movements ( consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).
o The brain is made up of three
parts: The cerebrum, the cerebelum and the brain stem.
2.1.2.The espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It
controls reflex actions ( spontaneous actions).
2.2. The peripheral nervous system
- Characterictics:
- It is made up of nerves.
- It carries messages from
the nervious system.
- It consists of millions of
neurons.
- Types of
neurons: There are two types:
- Sensory neurons: They are from the five
senses.
- Motor neurons: They are related to our muscles.
Activities
1.- Which are the two parts of the nervous system?
2.- Which are the two parts of the central nervous system?
3.- Which are the three parts of the brain?
4.- Which are the two types of neurons?
3.- The locomotor system
The locomotor system is made up of the
skeleton, joints and the muscles.
3.1.- The skeleton
- The skeleton fuction is to
support the body and protect the internal organs.
- The skeleton is made up of
bones and cartilage.
- There are three types of
bones: short bones (vertebrae), flat bones (
ribs) and long bones ( arms and legs).
3.2.- Joints : They connect our bones
by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible
joints and flexible joints.
3.3.- The muscles:
- Characteristics:
- There are over
600 muscles in the human body.
- Our muscles contract and
relax.
- The tendons connect
muscles to the bones.
- Our muscles can be voluntary
and involuntary muscles.
Activities
1.- Which are the three components of the locomotor system?
2.- Which are the three types of bones?
3.- List 5 bones of our body.
4.- List the three types of joints
5.- List the 5 muscles of our body.
4.- Healthy habits
These are healthy habits to take into
account:
- Eat healthy.
- Do exercise.
- Sleep enough.
- Keep clean.
- Prevention.
- Don´t waste time playing videogames.
Game over.
- Say no to harmful(dañinas) substances
such as drugs or alcohol.
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