NS3: Machines

 

Unit 9: Machines

 

      9.1. Simple machines.

      9.2. Making things.

 

9.1. Simple machines.

- There are two types of machines: simple machines and complex machines.

- Simple machines have a few or no moving parts.

- Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines.

- Some examples are: an inclined plane, a screw, a pulley, a wedge, a Wheel and axle, a lever.

·    An inclined plane.- It moves up and down different levels.

·    A screw.-It holds things together.

·    A pulley.- It lifts heavy objects.

·    A wedge.- It cuts objects.

·    A Wheel and axle.- It moves objects from one place to another.

·    A lever.-It lifts objects.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.-How many types of machines are there?

Simple machines and complex machines.

 

2.- What is a simple machine?

Simple machines have a few or no moving parts.

 3.- What is a complex machine?

Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines.

4.- Write some examples of simple machines.

An inclined plane, a screw, a pulley, a wedge, a wheel and axle, a lever.

9.2. Making things

- There are simple tools for making things or taking things apart.

- Some examples of simple tools are: a hammer, a screw, a screwdriver, nuts and bolts, a spanner and a saw.

 

·                       A hammer.-It is used for knocking nails.

·    A screw.- It is used for fixing objects together.

·    A screwdriver.- It is used for turning screws.

·    Nuts and bolts .- It is used for holding objects together.

·    A spanner.-It is used for turning bolts.

·    A saw.- It is used dor cutting Wood and other materials.

ACTIVITIES

 

1.- Which are the simple tools?

There are simple tools for making things or taking things apart.

 

2.- List some examples of simple tools.

A hammer, a screw, a screwdriver, nuts and bolts, a spanner and a saw.

 

3.- True or False

- A pulley is a simple machine.     TRUE

- A saw is a complex machine.      FALSE

- A spanner is a simple tool.          TRUE.   

 

 

 

4.- Complete the sentences

 

-      ………… is used to cut wood and other materials.

-      ……………..is used for lifting heavy objects.

 

 5.- Draw

A simple machine

A simple tool.

 

 

NS 5: TECNOLOGY

 

Unit 9: Technology

 

      9.1 Many machines in one.

      9.2 Technology influences our lives

     

9.1 Many machines in one.

- There are two types of machines: simple machines and complex machines.

- Avanced machines such as cars are made up of simple and complex machines.

 

Ø     Simple machine in cars.

·     They have a mechanical function.

·    Some examples are: Wheel and axle, screw, pulley and level and fulcrum.

 

·    Wheel and axle.-

-      It is used to move things easy.

-      We can find the steering Wheel in a car.

·    Screw:

-      It goes around a cylinder or a cone.

-      We can use screws to hold things.

-      A car has many of them.

·    Pulley

-      It has a Wheel and axle and a rope.

-      It is used for lifting objects.

-      A car´s brakes work using pulleys.

·    Lever and fulcrum

-      It consits of a level with a support called fulcrum.

-      It is used for lifting an object.

-      A good example is the gearstick in a car.

 

Ø     Complex machines in cars.

 

-      Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines.

-       Some of them have engine or motor.

 

Ø     Gears

-      Gears are wheels with teeth that fit together.

-      A good example is the chain of a bike.

-      Gears in a car are in the engine.

 

Ø     Engine and motors

-      A engine or motor is the part of the machine which produces movement.

-      An engine needs fuel to work.

-      A motor needs electricity.

 

Activity. Answer the following questions:

 

1.- Definition of simple machine.

2.- Definition of complex machines.

3.-List the simple machines you can find in a car and explain one of them.

4.- Which is a gear?.

5.- What is the difference between an engine or a motor?

 

8.2 Technology influences in our lives.

- Technology help us at work, at home and in our free time.

- There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier.

Ø     Phone

-      Phones are small computers.

-      You can send messages, find information on internet, listen to music and so on.

 

Ø     Machines at home

-      Some examples are: dishwashers, microwave, refigerators and so on.

-      There are energy-saving light bulbs are very efficient.

 

Ø     Industrial changes

-      Companies are using enviromentally friendly new machines.

-      Government créate laws to control industries.

 

Ø     Education

-      We can find in our classrooms digital boards, tablets and e-books.

 

Ø     Transport

-      Thanks to the technology our methods of transports are more fasters and secure.

-      Some of them are environmentally friendly using eco-fuel, bio-diesel or solar energy.

 

Ø     Free time

-      You can watch a movie on TV or at the cinema in three dimensions and special effects.

-      Most mobile phones allow us to make photos or a video.

 

Ø     Health

-      Examples of technology in a hospital are X-ray, CT scans which help us to detect diseases.

-      There are devices to measure the level of sugar in blood and blood pressure.

 

 

 

Ø     Activity. Answer the following questions:

 

1.- List the places where the technology has changed our lives.

2.- Explain the industrial changes.

3.- Explain the health changes.

4.- Explain the free time changes.

5.- Explain the transport changes.

6.- Explain the education changes.