Unit 2: “ Healthy living”
1.- Healthy food.
2.- Digestion and
repiration
3.- Diseases and
illnesses
1.- Healthy food
1.1. 1.-Healthy diet
A healthy diet is a
balanced diet where we eat properly. There are 5 groups of food.
- Carbohydrates and fibre.
- Proteins and iron.
- Fruit and vegetables.
- Dairy products
- Fats.
Our body is 75% water.
Read the sentences and learn.
a. This helps our digestive system work correctly. |
fibre |
b. We need them to grow. |
proteins |
c. We need them to stay healthy. |
vitamins and minerals |
d. They give us energy. |
carbohydrates and fats |
m Meals: There are three main meals: breakfast,
lunch and dinner and two healthy snacks: one in the morning
and one in the afternoon ( fruit, yogourt).
1.2. 2.- Health problems
If you don´t take care of yourself, you
can have health problems such as:
- Colds and flu.
- Stomach upsets
- Tiredness
- Respiratory problems.
- Tooth decay
- Obesity
Activities
1.- List the five groups
of food
2.- Which are the groups
that give us energy?
3.- What is the group that help us to grow?
4.- Which are the main
meals?
5.- List the health
problems you know
2.- Digestion and respiration
2.1.-DIGESTION
1.
We chew our food, and our teeth break down the food into smaller pieces. Also, the liquid in our mouths (saliva) causes a chemical reaction that
starts to digest the food.
2. In our stomach, chemicals
called enzymes change the food
into smaller molecules that the body
can use.
3.
After the food is changed into small
molecules, the blood carries
the molecules to other parts
of the body.
We
can classify living things according to
the type of food we eat:
1.-
Carnivores.- They eat other animals.
2.-
Hervivores.- They eat plants.
3.-
Omnivores.- They eat plants and other animals.
Activities
1.- What is the system
that we digest our food?
2.- Which are the 3 steps
of digestion?
3.- How can we divide living
things according the food we eat?
2.2.- RESPIRATION
Activities
1.- Definition of
respiration
2.- Which are the two
gases we exchange?
3.- Where do respiration
happen?
3. Diseases and illnesses
3. 1.-Infectious
diseases
- Pathogens are
organisms which produce diseases. The most important ones
are bacteria and viruses.
- The illnesses produced
by bacteria are: tetanus, salmonellosis, conjutivitis,
pneumonia.
- The illnesses produced
by viruses are: measles (sarampión),
chickenpox (varicela) and the flu.
- The symptoms of
an infection are fever and inflammation.
- Infectious diseases are
treated with antibiotics and antivirals.
AActivities
1.- What is a pathogens?
2.- Which are the illnesses produced by bacteria ?
3.- Which are the illnesses produced by viruses ?
3. 2.- Non infectious diseases
- Non infectious
diseases are produced by factors such us: environment, unhealthy
lifestyle, genetics, vitamins deficiency and organ malfunction.
- The most important non infectious diseases
are: allergies, cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases.
Activities
1.- Which are the factors
that produce non infectious diseases?
2.- Which are the most important no infectious diseases ?
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