miércoles, 8 de enero de 2025

NS5: TOPIC 2: HEALTHY LIVING

 

Unit 2: “ Healthy living”

 

1.- Healthy food.

2.- Digestion and repiration

3.- Diseases and illnesses

 

1.- Healthy food

1.1.              1.-Healthy diet

A healthy diet is a balanced diet where we eat properly. There are 5 groups of food.

-        Carbohydrates and fibre.

-        Proteins and iron.

-        Fruit and vegetables.

-        Dairy products

-        Fats.

 

                              Our body is 75% water.

 

 Read the sentences and learn.

a. This helps our digestive system work correctly.

                fibre

b. We need them to grow.

               proteins

c. We need them to stay healthy.

    

vitamins and minerals

d. They give us energy.

carbohydrates and fats

 

 

m       Meals:  There are three main meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner and two healthy snacks: one in the morning and one in the afternoon ( fruit, yogourt).

 

1.2.                  2.- Health problems

If you don´t take care of yourself, you can have health problems such as:

-        Colds and flu.

-        Stomach upsets

-        Tiredness

-        Respiratory problems.

-        Tooth decay

-        Obesity

 

                    Activities

1.- List the five groups of food

2.- Which are the groups that give us energy?

3.- What is the  group that help us to grow?

4.- Which are the main meals?

5.- List the health problems you know

 

                  2.- Digestion and respiration

                 2.1.-DIGESTION

           When we eat, our body has to digest the food so we can get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that are in food. We digest our food in the “gastro-intestinal system”. Digestion occurs in three main ways: 

1.     We chew our food, and our teeth break down the food into smaller pieces. Also, the liquid in our mouths (saliva) causes a chemical reaction that starts to digest the food.

2. In our stomach, chemicals called enzymes change the food into smaller molecules that the body can use.

3.     After the food is changed into small molecules, the blood carries the molecules to other parts of the body.

 

            We can classify living things according to  the type of food we eat:

             1.- Carnivores.- They eat other animals.

             2.- Hervivores.- They eat plants.

             3.- Omnivores.- They eat plants and other animals.


                  Activities

1.- What is the system that we digest our food?

2.- Which are the 3 steps of digestion?

3.- How can we divide living things according the food we eat?


                 2.2.- RESPIRATION

              Respiration is the process that all living things go through to create the energy they need to live. This happens in the cells so it is also called cellular respiration. It usually involves exchanging two gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide. The cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all living cells, including plant cells and animal cells.


       Activities

1.- Definition of respiration

2.- Which are the two gases we exchange?

3.- Where do respiration happen?


                   3.  Diseases and illnesses

 

3.                        1.-Infectious diseases 

-        Pathogens are organisms which produce  diseases. The most important ones are bacteria and viruses.

-        The illnesses produced by bacteria are: tetanus, salmonellosis, conjutivitis, pneumonia.

-        The illnesses produced by viruses are: measles   (sarampión), chickenpox (varicela) and the flu.

-        The symptoms of an infection are fever and inflammation.

-        Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics and antivirals. 

 

AActivities

1.- What is a pathogens?

2.- Which are the illnesses produced by bacteria  ?

3.- Which are the illnesses produced by viruses  ?

 

3.                   2.-  Non infectious diseases

- Non infectious diseases are produced by factors such us: environment, unhealthy lifestyle, genetics, vitamins deficiency and organ malfunction.

The most important non infectious diseases are: allergies, cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases.

 

                    Activities

1.- Which are the factors that produce non infectious diseases?

2.- Which are the most important no infectious  diseases ?

 

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