NS6: UNIT 1: ENERGY AND ROBOTICS

 

Unit 1: “ Energy and robotics”

 

1.-  How to obtain energy

2.- Electric energy

3.- Machines and Robots 

 

      1.- How to obtain energy:

      1.1 Different types of energy.

      2.2 Sources of energy.

 

1.1 Different types of energy.

There are many but the most important ones are:

    Kinetic energy.- We use it for movement.

    Chemical energy.-We have it in food.

    Sound energy.- We have it in anything that makes sounds.

    Thermal energy.-It produces heat. Example: The Sun produces a lot of termal energy.

    Electrical energy.-It is used every day with light bulbs.

    Light energy.-It is produced by traffic lights and by The Sun.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.-Which are the  six most important types of energy? 

2.- Match

    Kinetic                                          sound

    Electrical                              every day

    Sound                                          movement

3.- Draw an example of the different types of energy.

 

1.2 Sources of energy.

There are two types: non- renewable energy and renewable energy.

 

     Non-renewable energy.-They come from the ground and the seabed. We cannot replace them. Examples: natural gas, coal and crude oil.

 

     Renewable energy.-They are The Sun, air and water. They don´t run out. They don´t cause pollution. Examples: solar energy with solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power stations.

 

ACTIVITIES

 

1.- Which are the two types the sources of energy?

2.- Where the non-renewable energy comes from?

a) The ground                     b) The Sun

 3.- Write 3 examples of  renewable and non-renewable energy. 

4.- True or False

- The Sun is for renewable  energy.     

-  Air is non- renewable energy            

-Renewable energy is better for the environment    

5.- Complete the sentences

 

-      ………… energy sources will never run out.

-      ……………..energy sources run out. 

6.- Draw renewables and non renewables energy.

 

2.- Electric energy

2.1 What do you mean by electric energy?

Electrical energy is the power an atom's charged particles have to cause an action or move an object. The movement of electrons from one atom to another is what results in electrical energy. Every time you plug a toaster or cellphone charger into a wall outlet, electrical energy is powering those devices. There are two types of electricity, static and current.

-         Static electricity.- It doesn't move from one place to another and stays in the place it was created.

-         Current electricity.-It  is when an electrical charge is given a path to move through.

2.2 What is an electrical circuit?

Electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires or transmission lines

 

2.2.- What are the four basic components of an electric circuit ?

Every electric circuit, has four basic parts:

·        A conductive "path," such as wire, or printed etches on a circuit board;

·        A "source" of electrical power, such as a battery or household wall outlet, and,

·        A "load" that needs electrical power to operate, such as a lamp.

·        A controller (switch).

.

2.4.-What are the 5 basic electrical symbols?

There are five commonly used symbols in Electrical – Switch, Wire, Contactor, Motor, Transformer. These symbols can be used in any electrical drawings. Switches are used for ON/OFF any control circuit. Contactors are used to ON/OFF any electrical equipment through electrical signals.

 

2.5.-Type of circuits

There are two basic types of electric circuits: series and parallel.

-  Series circuit.- There is only one path for the current, and a break in the circuit stops the current.

- Parallel circuit.- There are multiple pathways or branches.

Activities

1.- Which are the two types of electricity?

2.- List two devices that give energy.

3.- Write devices that use current.

4.- Which are the four basic components of an electric circuit?

5.- Draw an electric circuit.

6.- Write the 5 basic electrical symbols.

7.- Which are the two basic types of electric circuits?

 

3.- Machines, technology and robots   

3.1.-Machines

There are two types of machines: simple machines and complex

machines.Avanced machines such as cars are made up of simple and complex machines.

- Simple machines.- Some examples are: Wheel and axle, screw, pulley and level and fulcrum.

 

§   Wheel and axle.- It is used to move things easy.

§    Screw.- It goes around a cylinder.We can use screws to hold things.

§  Pulley.- It has a Wheel and axle and a rope. It is used for lifting objects.  A car´s brakes work using pulleys.

§  Lever and fulcrum.- It consits of a level with a support called fulcrum  It is used for lifting an object.

 

 

-         Complex machines.-  Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines. Some of them have engine or motor.

Some examples are: gears, engine or motor,

§    Gears.-Gears are wheels with teeth that fit together. A good example is the chain of a bike. Gears in a car are in the engine.

§  Engine and motors.-A engine or motor is the part of the machine which produces movement. An engine needs fuel to work.  A motor needs electricity.

 

Activities

1.- Definition of simple machine.

2.- Definition of complex machine.

3.-List examples of  simple machines and complex machines.

4.- Which is a gear?.

 3.2.-Tecnology

Technology influences in our lives. It helps us at work, at home and in our free time. There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier such as phones and machines at home,

§   Phone.- Phones are small computers.You can send messages, find information on internet, listen to music and so on.

§  Machines at home.- Some examples are: dishwashers, microwave,refigerators and so on.There are energy-saving light bulbs are very efficient.

 Technology is in everywhere: industry, education, transport, free time and  health.

§   Industry.-There are also  industrial changes. Companies are using enviromentally friendly new machines. Government create laws to control industries.

§  Education.-We can find in our classrooms digital boards, tablets and e-books.

§  Transport.-Thanks to the technology our methods of transports are more fasters and secure. Some of them are environmentally friendl using eco-fuel, bio-diesel or solar energy.

§  Free time.- You can watch a movie on TV or at the cinema in three dimensions and special effects. Most mobile phones allow us to make photos or a video.

§  Health.-Examples of technology in a hospital are X-ray, CT scans which help us to detect diseases. There are devices to measure the level of sugar in blood and blood pressure.

 

   Activities

1.- List the places where the technology has changed our lives.

2.- Explain the industrial changes.

3.- Explain the health changes.

4.- Explain the free time changes.

5.- Explain the transport changes.

6.- Explain the education changes.

3.3.-Robots

3.3.1.-What is robotics ?

Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.

332.- What is a robot?

A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world.

3.3.3.- Common types of robots

-         Articulated Robots. The robotic arm

-         Humanoids. ...

-         Robots in medicine

-         Robots at home such as cooking robots and vacuum cleaner.

 

Activities

1.- What is the objective of the robotic field?

2.- Can robots perform actions in real life?

3.- Which type of robot do you prefer? Draw.