NS5 : lIVING THINGS

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NS6: UNIT 1: ENERGY AND ROBOTICS

 

Unit 1: “ Energy and robotics”

 

1.-  How to obtain energy

2.- Electric energy

3.- Machines and Robots 

 

      1.- How to obtain energy:

      1.1 Different types of energy.

      2.2 Sources of energy.

 

1.1 Different types of energy.

There are many but the most important ones are:

    Kinetic energy.- We use it for movement.

    Chemical energy.-We have it in food.

    Sound energy.- We have it in anything that makes sounds.

    Thermal energy.-It produces heat. Example: The Sun produces a lot of termal energy.

    Electrical energy.-It is used every day with light bulbs.

    Light energy.-It is produced by traffic lights and by The Sun.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.-Which are the  six most important types of energy? 

2.- Match

    Kinetic                                          sound

    Electrical                              every day

    Sound                                          movement

3.- Draw an example of the different types of energy.

 

1.2 Sources of energy.

There are two types: non- renewable energy and renewable energy.

 

     Non-renewable energy.-They come from the ground and the seabed. We cannot replace them. Examples: natural gas, coal and crude oil.

 

     Renewable energy.-They are The Sun, air and water. They don´t run out. They don´t cause pollution. Examples: solar energy with solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power stations.

 

ACTIVITIES

 

1.- Which are the two types the sources of energy?

2.- Where the non-renewable energy comes from?

a) The ground                     b) The Sun

 3.- Write 3 examples of  renewable and non-renewable energy. 

4.- True or False

- The Sun is for renewable  energy.     

-  Air is non- renewable energy            

-Renewable energy is better for the environment    

5.- Complete the sentences

 

-      ………… energy sources will never run out.

-      ……………..energy sources run out. 

6.- Draw renewables and non renewables energy.

 

2.- Electric energy

2.1 What do you mean by electric energy?

Electrical energy is the power an atom's charged particles have to cause an action or move an object. The movement of electrons from one atom to another is what results in electrical energy. Every time you plug a toaster or cellphone charger into a wall outlet, electrical energy is powering those devices. There are two types of electricity, static and current.

-         Static electricity.- It doesn't move from one place to another and stays in the place it was created.

-         Current electricity.-It  is when an electrical charge is given a path to move through.

2.2 What is an electrical circuit?

Electric circuit, path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator; devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers; and the connecting wires or transmission lines

 

2.2.- What are the four basic components of an electric circuit ?

Every electric circuit, has four basic parts:

·        A conductive "path," such as wire, or printed etches on a circuit board;

·        A "source" of electrical power, such as a battery or household wall outlet, and,

·        A "load" that needs electrical power to operate, such as a lamp.

·        A controller (switch).

.

2.4.-What are the 5 basic electrical symbols?

There are five commonly used symbols in Electrical – Switch, Wire, Contactor, Motor, Transformer. These symbols can be used in any electrical drawings. Switches are used for ON/OFF any control circuit. Contactors are used to ON/OFF any electrical equipment through electrical signals.

 

2.5.-Type of circuits

There are two basic types of electric circuits: series and parallel.

-  Series circuit.- There is only one path for the current, and a break in the circuit stops the current.

- Parallel circuit.- There are multiple pathways or branches.

Activities

1.- Which are the two types of electricity?

2.- List two devices that give energy.

3.- Write devices that use current.

4.- Which are the four basic components of an electric circuit?

5.- Draw an electric circuit.

6.- Write the 5 basic electrical symbols.

7.- Which are the two basic types of electric circuits?

 

3.- Machines, technology and robots   

3.1.-Machines

There are two types of machines: simple machines and complex

machines.Avanced machines such as cars are made up of simple and complex machines.

- Simple machines.- Some examples are: Wheel and axle, screw, pulley and level and fulcrum.

 

§   Wheel and axle.- It is used to move things easy.

§    Screw.- It goes around a cylinder.We can use screws to hold things.

§  Pulley.- It has a Wheel and axle and a rope. It is used for lifting objects.  A car´s brakes work using pulleys.

§  Lever and fulcrum.- It consits of a level with a support called fulcrum  It is used for lifting an object.

 

 

-         Complex machines.-  Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines. Some of them have engine or motor.

Some examples are: gears, engine or motor,

§    Gears.-Gears are wheels with teeth that fit together. A good example is the chain of a bike. Gears in a car are in the engine.

§  Engine and motors.-A engine or motor is the part of the machine which produces movement. An engine needs fuel to work.  A motor needs electricity.

 

Activities

1.- Definition of simple machine.

2.- Definition of complex machine.

3.-List examples of  simple machines and complex machines.

4.- Which is a gear?.

 3.2.-Tecnology

Technology influences in our lives. It helps us at work, at home and in our free time. There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier such as phones and machines at home,

§   Phone.- Phones are small computers.You can send messages, find information on internet, listen to music and so on.

§  Machines at home.- Some examples are: dishwashers, microwave,refigerators and so on.There are energy-saving light bulbs are very efficient.

 Technology is in everywhere: industry, education, transport, free time and  health.

§   Industry.-There are also  industrial changes. Companies are using enviromentally friendly new machines. Government create laws to control industries.

§  Education.-We can find in our classrooms digital boards, tablets and e-books.

§  Transport.-Thanks to the technology our methods of transports are more fasters and secure. Some of them are environmentally friendl using eco-fuel, bio-diesel or solar energy.

§  Free time.- You can watch a movie on TV or at the cinema in three dimensions and special effects. Most mobile phones allow us to make photos or a video.

§  Health.-Examples of technology in a hospital are X-ray, CT scans which help us to detect diseases. There are devices to measure the level of sugar in blood and blood pressure.

 

   Activities

1.- List the places where the technology has changed our lives.

2.- Explain the industrial changes.

3.- Explain the health changes.

4.- Explain the free time changes.

5.- Explain the transport changes.

6.- Explain the education changes.

3.3.-Robots

3.3.1.-What is robotics ?

Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.

332.- What is a robot?

A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world.

3.3.3.- Common types of robots

-         Articulated Robots. The robotic arm

-         Humanoids. ...

-         Robots in medicine

-         Robots at home such as cooking robots and vacuum cleaner.

 

Activities

1.- What is the objective of the robotic field?

2.- Can robots perform actions in real life?

3.- Which type of robot do you prefer? Draw.

 

NS5: UNIT 1: A COMMON LIFE

 

Unit 1: “ A common life”

 

1.- Living things

2.- How to obtain energy: digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system.

3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervous system and the locomotor system.

4.- Reproduction: the male and female reproductive system.

 

1.- Living things

 

        1.1 Classifying living things.

        1.2 Vital functions

        1.3 Characteristics of living things

        

 

1.1 Classifying living things.

- -       Ecosystems are made up of living things( human beings, plants and animals) and non-living things( rocks, water and so on)

-       Living things can be multicellular ( many cells) or unicellular ( just one cell). 

  Multicellular organisms

-       Cells are the building blocks of life.

-       Cells interact to form tissues.

-       Different types of tissue form organs.

-       Some organs form systems such as the digestive system.

-       Many systems form an organism.

 

 

1.2 Vital functions

 

-       The three vital functions are: nutrition, interaction and reproduction

- We classify living things in different groups: animals (dog), plants(tree), fungi (mushroom) and other organism  (algae and bacteria).

 

     Activities

 

1.- Write the four groups of living things.

……………………………………………………………

2.- Classify the following living things: dog, tree, mushroom, bacteria.

Animals	Plants	Fungi	Other living things

 

 

3.- Which are the three vital function?

………………………………………….............................

4.- Match with the proper sentence: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.

 

Living things need food for energy.
Living things need interact.
Living things make new living things.

 

 1.3 Characteristics of living things

 

 Cell structure

A cell is the smallest living unit. There are two types: animal cell and plant cell.

        Animal cell: The main components are: nucleous, cell membrane, cytoplasm and vacuole.

 

 

        Plant  cell: The main components are: nucleous, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole.

 

 

         We can find two types of organisms:

-         Unicelullar organisms: They have just one cell.

-         Multicellular organisms: They are made up of many cells.

 

2.- How to obtain energy: digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system.

                             2.1.- Energy

                               2.2.- Body systems. 

 2.1.-ENERGY

               2.1.1.-Different types of energy.

           2.1.2.- Sources of energy.

 

2.1.1 Different types of energy.

There are many but the most important ones are:

    Kinetic energy.- We use it for movement.

    Chemical energy.-We have it in food.

    Sound energy.- We have it in anything that makes sounds.

    Thermal energy.-It produces heat. Example: The Sun produces a lot of termal energy.

    Electrical energy.-It is used every day with light bulbs.

    Light energy.-It is produced by traffic lights and by The Sun.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.-Which are the  six most important types of energy?

 

2.- Match

    Kinetic                                          sound

    Electrical                              every day

    Sound                                          movement 

3.- Draw an example of the different types of energy

a

 

b

 

c

 

 

2.1.2 Sources of energy.

There are two types: non- renewable energy and renewable energy.

 

     Non-renewable energy.-They come from the ground and the seabed. We cannot replace them. Examples: natural gas, coal and crude oil.

 

     Renewable energy.-They are The Sun, air and water. They don´t run out. They don´t cause pollution. Examples: solar energy with solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power stations.

 

ACTIVITIES

 

1.- Which are the two types the sources of energy?

2.- Where the non-renewable energy comes from?

a) The ground                     b) The Sun

3.- Write 3 examples of non-renewable energy.

4.- True or False

- The Sun is for renewable  energy.     

-  Air is non- renewable energy            

-Renewable energy is better for the environment     

 

5.- Complete the sentences

 

-      ………… energy sources will never run out.

-      ……………..energy sources run out

 

6- List 3 examples of renewable energy. 

7.- Draw

A non-renewable energy

A renewable energy

 

2.2. BODY SYSTEMS

 

2.2.1 Parts of our body

2.2.2 Body systems

 

 

2.2.1.      Parts of our body

The most important are:  hand, limb, head, torso, elbow, arm, knee, leg, hip.

 

 

2.2.2. Body systems

 

-  Our body has organs. The organs form body systems. The main body systems are: circulatory system, excretory system,  respiratory system and digestive system.

- As we know,all humans perform three vital functions: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.

- In the nutrition process participate the digestive system, the excretory system, the respiratory system and the circulatory system.

·        Circulatory system

 

-          The circulatory system moves blood around our body. The main organs are: the heart, arteries and veins.

 -       The  circulatory system transport nutrients and oxygen to every cell in your body.

-       The circulatory system consists  of heart and blood vessels.

-       Arteries take blood from the heart to the body.

-       Capillaries are very small blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins.

-       The heart pumps blood round the body through the blood vessels.

 

 

 

 

 

·        Respiratory system

 

       The respiratory system alow us to breath. We breath oxygen through our  nose and expel carbon dioxide through our mouth.

    The main organs are: nose, mouth and lungs. This is the process:

1º.- Air enters the body through your mouth or nose.

2º.- The air goes down the trachea. The trachea connects the mouth to the bronchi.

3º.- The air enters the lungs through two tubes called bronchi.

4º.- The air travels though the lungs and ends in the alveoli. Alveoli are small air sacs.

5º.- In the alveoli, blood exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen.

6º.- You expel carbon dioxide when you breathe out.

 Don´t forget that colds and the flu are caused by viruses and bacteria.

 

·        Excretory  system

-       The excretory system is made up of the urinary system and sweat glands. 

      The urinary system

1º.- The kidneys separate water and minerals from the blood to produce urine.

2º.- The urine goes down the ureters to the bladder.

3º.- When the bladder is full, your body tells you to go to the toilet.

4º.- The bladder releases urine through the urethra.

 

      Sweat glands 

-       When you do exercise or it is very hot, your body produces sweat.

-       This is a mixture of water and minerals.

-       It is produced in sweat glands and is released through pores in the skin.

 

 

·        Digestive system

                  

-         The digestive system help us to digest the food we eat. The main organs are: mouth, stomach and intestine.

 -       The digestive system extracts nutrients from the food you eat.

-       The oesophagus joins the mouth to the stomach.

-       Nutrients are separated from the waste in the small instentine.

-       Waste leaves the body through the anus.

 

 

 

3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervious system and the locomotor system

        3.1. Receiving information: The five senses.

        3.2. Processing information: The nervous system.

      3.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor  system

 

3.1 The five senses

 

The five senses are: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

 

-         I can see with my eyes.........

-         I can hear with my ear...........

-         I can taste with my tongue............

-         I can smell with my nose....................

-         I can touch with my fingers. Our skin is the organ we use to touch.........................

 

      Sight elements: eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.

 

 Hearing elements: semicircular canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.

 

 Smell elements: nostrils, nerve receptor and olfatory nerve.

 

 Taste elements: taste buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.

 

       Smell and taste go together because they have got a close relationship.

 

 

 Touch elements: dermis, nerves, blood vessels.

Activities

1.- List the five senses.

2.- List two elements of each sense.

3.2. Processing information: The nervous system.

        The characteristics of the nervous system are:

-        It receives information from the five senses.

-        It is made up of millions of neurons.

-        It is divided in two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

 

 The central nervous system

The central nervous system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.

       The brain:

 

o  The main characteristics are:

 

-        The brain is the control centre.

-        It is procteted by the skull or cranium.

-        It controls voluntary movements ( consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).

 

o  The brain is made up of three parts:

 

-        The cerebum: It has got the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. It controls thoughts, emotions, language, behaviour and voluntary movements.

-        The cerebelum: It controls balance, movement and coordination.

-        The brain stem: It controls involuntary movements such as breathing or digestion. It connects the brain to the spinal cord.

 

       The espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It controls reflex actions ( spontaneous actions).

 

 The peripheral nervous system

       Characterictics

 

-        It is made up of nerves.

-        It carries messages from the nervious system.

-        It consists of millions of neurons.

 

       Types of neurons: There are two types:

- Sensory neurons: They are from the five senses.

- Motor neurons: They are related to our muscles.

 

Activities

1.- Which are the two parts of the nervous system?

2.- Which are the two parts of the central nervous system?

3.- Which are the three parts of the brain?

4.- Which are the two types of neurons?

 

3.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor system

        The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.

 

 The skeleton

-        The skeleton fuction is to support the body and protect the internal organs.

-        The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage.

-        There are three types of bones: short bones                    (vertebrae), flat bones  ( ribs) and long bones ( arms and legs).

 

 

 

 Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.

 

 The muscles: Characteristics:

 

-        There are over 600 muscles in the human body.

-        Our muscles contract and relax.

-        The tendons connect muscles to the bones.

-        Our muscles can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.

 

 

Activities

1.- Which are the three components of the locomotor system?

2.- Which are the three types of bones?

3.- List the main bones of our body.

4.- List the three types of joints

5.- List the main muscles of our body.

 

4.- Reproduction: the male and female system.

 

-       Reproduction is made up of the female reproductive system and the male reproductive system.

-       There are two types:

      The female reproductive system.- Organs: fallopian tubes, ovary, vagina, vulva and uterus.

      The male reproductive system.- Organs: penis, scrotum, testicle, urethra

 

 

Activity

Draw the male and female system and label the main organs.