NS 5: UNIT 4: "THE PLANT KINGDOM"

Unit 4: The plant kingdom

            1.- Classification of plants.

            2.- Parts of plants

            3.-Plant nutrition and respiration

 

1.- Classification of plants.

- The plant kingdom includes more than 250.000 species.

- We can classify them between flowering plants and non-flowering plants.

 

Ø  Flowering plants

 

-          They are the biggest group of plants on Earth.

-          They use sexual reproduction.

-          Their reproductive organs are the flowers.

-          They reproduce through seeds in two different ways:

·         Angiorspems.- Parts: flower, leaves, fruit and seed.

·         Gymnosperms.- Parts: leaves( needles), cone and seeds.

 

Ø  Non- flowering plants

- They don´t produce seeds.

- They reproduce asexually through

- There are two main groups: ferns and mosses.

 

Ø  Answer the following questions

1.- How can we classify plants?

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2.- How can be classify flowering plants?

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3.- How can be classify non- flowering plants?

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4.- Which is the difference between them in reproduction?

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2.- Parts of plants

- Most plants have three parts: roots, stem and leaves.

Ø  Roots.- The roots hold the plant in the ground and absorb water and minerals needed for nutrition.

 

Ø  Stem.- The stem maintain the plant and water and minerals travel through the stem to the leaves for the photosynthesis.

 

 

Ø  Leaves.- They contain chlorophyll which is necessary for the photosynthesis. Leaves have two parts: petiole and blade. ( drawing page 57).

 

Ø  Activity.- Draw and label the parts of a plant.

 

3.-Plant nutrition and respiration

- Nutrition and repiration are the plants vital functions.

 

Ø  Nutrition: The photosynthesis

-          Plants make their own food through the photosynthesis.

 

·         The photosynthesis process

-          It has got 4 steps:

v  1st step.-The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

v  2nd step.-The raw sap travels through the stem to the leaves.

v  3rd step.-Leaves absorb carbon dioxide. ( CO2). The chlorophyll transform everything into glucose and oxygen (O2).

v  4th step.- The food is carried to the rest of the plant.

 

·         Importance of the photosynthesis. Reasons:

1.- It provides up oxygen to breath. They are callerd the lungs of the Earth.

2.- They clear the air because they breath carbon dioxide during the day.

3.- Human beings and animals use them to feed.

 

Ø  Respiration

-          Due to the photosynthesis plants takes CO2 and expel O2 during the day.

-          However, they takes O2 and expel CO2 during the night.

 

Ø  Answer the following questions

1.- Which are the two plants vital functions?

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2.- How  does plants make their own food?

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3.- How many steps has the photosynthesis got?

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4.- Explain the third step of  photosynthesis.

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5.- Why is the photosynthesis very important?

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6.- How do plants breathe during the day?

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7.- How do plants breathe during the day?

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