NS5. UNIT 3: HEALTH AND ILLNESSES

 

Unit 3: Health and illnesses

        3.1 Diseases and illnesses.

        3.2. Healthy habits.

        3.3 Advances in medicine.

 

3.1 Diseases and illnesses.

·      Infectious diseases

 

-        Pathogens are organisms which produce illnesses and diseases. The most important ones are bacteria and viruses.

-        The illnesses produced by bacteria are: tetanus, salmonellosis, conjutivitis, pneumonia.

-        The illnesses produced by viruses are: measles   (sarampión), chickenpox (varicela) and the flu.

-        The symptoms of an infection are fever and inflammation.

-        Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics and antivirals.

 

·      Non infectious diseases

- Non infectious diseases are produced by factors such us: environment, unhealthy lifestyle, genetics, vitamins deficiency and organ malfunction.

- The most important non infectious diseases are: allergies, cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases.

 

3.2. Healthy habits.

- Eat healthy.

- Do exercise.

- Sleep enough.

- Keep clean.

- Prevention.

- Don´t waste time playing videogames. Game over.

- Say no to harmful(dañinas) substances such as drugs or alcohol.

 

3.3 Advances in medicine

-        Medicine has advanced because of the following reasons: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, new techniques in surgery and other advances in medicine.

-        Prevention is produced by vaccination and antibodies.

-        Diagnosis is the act of identifying an illness based on symptoms and tests.

-        Treatment can be done with antibiotics and penicillin. Alexander Fleming discovered the penicillin.

-        New techniques in surgery are anaesthesia, microsurgery and keyhole surgery.

-        Other advances in medicine are blood transfusion, insulin, organ trasplant and human genome.