NARURAL SCIENCE 5º: UNIT 2: Interaction and the body

Unit 2: Interaction and the body

 

        2.1. Receiving information: The five senses.

        2.2. Processing information: The nervious system.

2.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor     system

 

2.1. Receiving information: The five senses.

        The five senses are: sight. hearing, smell, touch and taste.

Ø Sight elements: eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.

 

Ø Hearing elements: semicircular canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.

 

 

Ø Smell elements: nostrils, nerve receptor and olfatory nerve.

 

Ø Taste elements: taste buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.

 

·       Smell and taste go together because they have got a close relationship.

 

 

Ø Touch elements: dermis, nerves, blood vessels.

 

 

2.2. Processing information: The nervious system.

        The characteristics of the nervious system are:

-        It receives information from the five senses.

-        It is made up of millions of neurons.

-        It is divided in two parts: the central nervious system and the peripheral nervious system.

 

Ø The central nervious system

The central nervious system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.

·       The brain:

 

o  The main characteristics are:

 

-        The brain is the control centre.

-        It is procteted by the skull or cranium.

-        It controls voluntary movements ( consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).

 

o  The brain is made up of three parts:

 

-        The cerebum: It has got the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. It controls thoughts, emotions, language, behaviour and voluntary movements.

 

-        The cerebelum: It controls balance, movement and coordination.

-        The brain stem: It controls involuntary movements such as breathing or digestión. It connects the brain to the spinal cord.

 

·       The espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It controls réflex actions ( spontaneous actions).

 

Ø The peripheral nervious system

·       Characterictics

 

-        It is made up of nerves.

-        It carries messages from the nervious system.

-        It consists of millions of neurons.

 

·       Types of neurons: There are two types:

- Sensory neurons: They are from the five senses.

- Motor neurons: They are related to our muscles.

 

2.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor system

        The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.

 

Ø The skeleton

-        The skeleton fuction is to support the body and protect the internal organs.

-        The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage.

-        There are three types of bones: short bones                    (vertebrae), flat bones  ( ribs) and long bones ( arms and legs).

 

·       Label the bones in the picture. Book page 26

 

 

Ø Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.

 

Ø The muscles: Characteristics:

 

-        There are over 600 muscles in the human body.

-        Our muscles contract and relax.

-        The tendons connect muscles to the bones.

-        Our muscles can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.

 

·       Label the muscles in the picture. Book page 27