NS 6: ECOSYSTEMS

 

Unit 7: “ ECOSYSTEMS”

1.- Environmental problems.

2.- The five kingdoms.

3.-  Sustainability.

4.- National Parks

 

1. Environmental problems

The main enviromental problems on Earth are: air pollution, water pollution, overpopulation, deforestation and overfishing. They are also factors that produce  the climate change.

1.1.- Air pollution

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of the atmosphere. Air pollution occurs when gases, dust, smoke, or odor get into the air and make it unclean. Air pollution is unsafe for humans, plants and animals to breathe.

1.2.- Water pollution

Water pollution is defined as the contamination of seas and rivers.Water pollution is what happens when various harmful substances get into a stream, river, or ocean, and contaminate it. These harmful substances cause the overall quality of the water to decrease and make it toxic to living creatures and the surrounding environment.

1.3.- Overpopulation

Over popullation means that there are too many people in the planet.Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. At this point it is important the concept of carbón footprint.

1.4.- Deforestation

Deforestation is to cut down too many trees in a place.Deforestation is the clearing, or cutting down, of forests. The word is normally used to describe the actions of humans in removing forests from the planet, rather than destruction caused by such natural events as hurricanes. People have been cutting down trees for thousands of years.

1.5 .- Overfishing

Over fishing is to catch too much fish. Overfishing is the overharvesting of fish and marine animals. The practice involves catching so many of one species at such a rate that the species is unable to recover to normal quantities. Overfishing reduces some species to such low numbers that their survival is endangered. It drives others to extinction.

Activities

1.- List the most important environmental problems.

2.- When do air pollution occur?

3.- When do water pollution happen?

4.- What is overpopulation?

5.- What is deforestation?

6.- What is overfishing?

 

2.-  The five kingdoms

Living things are classified in groups called kingdoms. There are five kingdoms in our planet: plant kingdom, protist kingdom, monera kingdom, animal kingdom and fungus kingdom.

1.1.- Plant kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         They are multicellular.

-         They make their food through the photosynthesis. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen through the photosynthesis. Example: trees. 

1.2.- Protist kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         Most of them are unicellular but there are multicellular as well.

-         They live in water.

-         Examples: amoeba ( unicellular) and algae ( both of them).

 

1.3.-Monera kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         All the organisms are unicellular.

-         They live in the air, in water and on the land.

 

1.4.-Animal kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         Animals are multicellular.

-         They feed on the other living things.

 

1.5.-Fungus kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         They can be unicellular and multicellular.

-         They feed on the remains of dead plants and animals. They are called decomposers.

 

Activities

1.- List the 5 kingdoms.

2.- What is the photosynthesis?

3.- List the examples of the protist kingdom.

4.- Where do the monera kingdom live?

5.- How do the fungus kingdom feed?

 

3.- Sustainability

Sustainability means using natural resources in a way that we could keep doing for a long time. We can be more sustainable by reducing our use of natural resources. For example, you could ride a bike instead of driving, which uses less oil.

The 3 principles of sustainability are : environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. These principles guide us in creating a balanced and sustainable future for our planet and its inhabitants.

We just need collection, coordination, and collaboration together with  REUSING, RECYCLING, REDUCING.

Activities

1.- Definition of sustainability.

2.- Which are the three principles of sustainability ?

3.- What do we have to do for sustainability

 

4.- National Parks

A National Park is  an area of land that is protected by the goverment for people to visit because of its natural beauty and historical or scientific interest.

There are sixteen national parks in Spain: eleven in the Iberian Peninsula, four in the Canary Islands and one in the Balearic Islands. The most important National Parks are:

1.- Cabañeros National Park,  between the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo

2.- Doñana National Park. between the Andalusian provinces of Huelva and Seville.

3.- Sierra Nevada National Park in Granada and Almería.

4.- Sierra del Guadarrama National Park located in the provinces of Madrid and Segovia

5.- Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park  in the province of Ciudad Real.

6.- Picos de Europa National Park  located in the provinces of Asturias, Cantabria and León

7.- Monfragüe National Park in Cáceres 

8.- Ordesa and Monte Perdido  National Park in the north of Huesca

 

Activities

1.- Definition of National Park

2.- How many National Parks are there in Spain?

3.- List 5 Natural Parks

 

 

 

 

 

 

NS6: UNIT 5. REPRODUCTION

 

Unit 5: “ REPRODUCTION”

1.- Male and female reproductive systems.

2.- The reproductive process

3.-  Puberty

4.- Sexual health

 

1.-  Male and female reproductive system

Like other mammals, humans reproduce sexually. The male and female reproductive systems must work together to produce a baby.

 

1.1          Male reproductive system

 

-         The function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells.

-         The main organs of the male reproductive system are:

 

a)The external organs include your penis, scrotum and testicles.( two testicles)

 b)Internal organs include  vas deferens, prostate and urethra. 

 

 

 

The testicles have two main fuctions:

 

1.- Thet store sperm cells.

2.- The testicles make hormones.

 

1.2          Female reproductive system

 

-         The organs of the female reproductive system are: vagina, ovaries, vulva, fallopian tubes and uterus.

-          The main reproductive organs are the ovaries.

-         Two tubes, called fallopian tubes, connect the ovaries to the uterus.

-         The uterus is a muscular organ that holds a growing baby.

 

Activities

1.- What is the fuction of the male reproductive system?

2.- Which are the main organs of the male reproductive system?

3.- Which are the functions of the testicles?

4.- Which are the main organs of the female reproductive system?

5.- Which is the function of the fallopian tubes?

6.- Which is the function of the uterus?

2. The reproduction process: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

 

2.1 Fertilization

- Sperm enter the woman’s body through the vagina.

- The sperm go up through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. - If an egg is in one of the fallopian tubes, the sperm try to join with it. Only one sperm can enter, or fertilize, the egg. The rest of the sperm die.

 

2.1 Pregnancy

- Once the egg is fertilized, pregnancy begins.

- The fertilized egg moves into the uterus.

- It starts to divide into many more cells.

-At first the developing baby is called [H1] an embryo. After about eight weeks the baby is called a fetus.

- In the uterus the baby grows inside a pouch called the amniotic sac.  The liquid protects the baby and lets it move around.

- The placenta is a structure that lines part of the uterus to feed the baby.

 

2.3. Birth

 

- After about nine months of development the baby is ready to leave the woman’s body.

- When the baby is born the umbilical cord and the placenta also leave the mother’s body.

 

Activities

1.- How is the fertilization produced?

2.- How is the developing baby called at first?

3.- How is the developing baby called after eight weeks?

4.- How is the pouch called where the baby grows?

5.- What is the fuction of the placenta?

6.- What happens when the baby is born?

 

3.- Puberty

3.1.-What's Puberty?

- Puberty  is the name for the time when your body begins to develop and change as you move from kid to adult.

- Everybody goes through these changes.

3.2.-When Does Puberty Start?

- Puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 9 and 15 in boys. This wide range in ages may help explain why some of your friends still look like young kids while others look more like adults.

3.3.-What changes does Puberty bring in the body?

- When your body is ready to begin puberty your brain, releases special hormones.

-  Depending on whether you're a boy or a girl, these hormones go to work on different parts of the body.

- For boys, the hormones travel through the blood to begin making testosterone . Testosterone is the hormone that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty.

- In girls, the hormones cause the ovaries to start making another hormone, called estrogen. - These hormones prepare a girl's body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.

- Boys and girls both begin to grow hair under their arms and their pubic areas (on and around the genitals). 

-Boys also start to grow hair on their faces. In addition, boys' voices  become deeper.

- Girls' bodies usually become curvier. Their hips get wider and their breasts develop.

3.4.-Emotional changes during Puberty

Just as those hormones change the way your body looks on the outside, they also create changes on the inside. During puberty, you might feel confused or have strong emotions that you've never had before. You might feel overly sensitive or become upset easily.

Some kids lose their tempers more often and get angry with their friends or families. You also may feel anxious about how your changing body looks.

Activities

1.- Definition of puberty.

2.- When does the puberty start?

3.- What changes does a boy have in the body during the puberty period?

4.- What changes does a girl have in the body during the puberty period?

5.- List emotional changes in puberty.

 

 

4.- Sexual Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are usually spread by having unprotected sexual contact with someone who's infected. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

You can help prevent STIs  being monogamous.

The most common sexual deseases are:

1.- Chlamydia.

2.-Gonorrhoea. ...

3.- Syphilis. ...

4.- Hepatitis C. ...

5.- Hepatitis B. ...

6.- Hepatitis A. ...

7.- Genital herpes. ...

8.-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

 

Activities

1.- What is a STI or STDS?

2.- List two common sexual diseases.

 

 

 

 

 

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 [H1]

NS5º . UNIT 5: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION

 

Unit 5: “ RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION”

1.- Responsible shopping

2- What is healthy eating?

3.- Mass and volume to know how to cook

4.- What is a responsible consumption?

5.- The consumers rights.

1.- Responsible shopping

-We live in an age of information.

- The internet can help inform everything about our shopping habits.

- We have the power to be responsible consumers.

 - It is important the  understanding of value. .  For example, buying a toy can be fun, but saving for an amusement park trip can build life-long memories.

- You should manage  your budget so you will attribute real value to your possessions in the future.  

- You must have  a sense of gratitude for all that you have.

Activities

1.- What is your power in our society?

2.- What is really important?

3.-What do you prefer  in the example below?

2.- What is healthy eating?

Healthy eating is related to have a balanced diet. Some tips for healthy eating are:

·        Avoid junk food

·        Eat a variety of food.

·        Take natural food which are not processed.

·        Have a control portion. Don´t eat too much.

·        Drink a lot of water.

·        Chew your food well.

·        Eat a lot of fibre.

·        Avoid sugar drinks

·        Have a fruit or a yogour for snack.

·        Eat colourful food because you can take vitamins and minerals.

Activities

1.- What is healthy eating?

2.-List 5 tips you prefer for healthy eating.

3.- Mass and volume to know how to cook

Mass and volume are really important to cook properly. Mass and volume are two units used to measure objects. Mass is the quantity of substance an item possesses, and volume is the amount of space it occupies.

3.1.- What is the importance of mass in cooking?

Weighing ingredients helps us to cook. If you follow a recipe you have the amount of ingredient you need to cook.

3.2.-How is volume used in cooking?

The volume of a food is based on the balance of carbohydrate, fat and protein in the food.  In domestic cooking we measure flour and sugar volume by cups.

 

Activities

1.- Definition of mass.

2.- Definition of volume.

3.-How do you follow a recipe?

4.- How do you measure volume?

4.- What is a responsible consumption?

Responsible consumption is the ability to know  our real needs no more  and services that favour environmental protection and social equality.

Birthdays, Christmas gifts or even something as common as shopping at the supermarket, can become the perfect opportunity for children to ask for everything they can think of. Do you need them? Probably most of the time the answer is 'no'. Some advisable clues are:

1. Participate in buying decisions. 

2. Avoiding waste.

3. Be careful with rewards, you don´t need them.

4. Beware of payment. 

5. Gifts, ask for something you need.

6. The importance of the 3 "R"s. Reduce, reuse and recycle,

 

 Activities

1.- What is a responsable consumption?

2.- List 3 clues for responsable consumption.

 

5.- The consumers rights.

Consumer rights can be defined as the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard. These rights were meant to ensure consumers' fair treatment.

There are 8 basic Consumer Rights:

1.- Basic Needs

2.- Safety

3.-  Information

4.-  Choice

5.- Redress

6.-  Representation

7.- Consumer Education

8.- Healthy Environment.

 Activities

1.- Definition of consumer rights.

2.- List 4 basic consumer rights.