NS6: UNIT 5. REPRODUCTION

 

Unit 5: “ REPRODUCTION”

1.- Male and female reproductive systems.

2.- The reproductive process

3.-  Puberty

4.- Sexual health

 

1.-  Male and female reproductive system

Like other mammals, humans reproduce sexually. The male and female reproductive systems must work together to produce a baby.

 

1.1          Male reproductive system

 

-         The function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells.

-         The main organs of the male reproductive system are:

 

a)The external organs include your penis, scrotum and testicles.( two testicles)

 b)Internal organs include  vas deferens, prostate and urethra. 

 

 

 

The testicles have two main fuctions:

 

1.- Thet store sperm cells.

2.- The testicles make hormones.

 

1.2          Female reproductive system

 

-         The organs of the female reproductive system are: vagina, ovaries, vulva, fallopian tubes and uterus.

-          The main reproductive organs are the ovaries.

-         Two tubes, called fallopian tubes, connect the ovaries to the uterus.

-         The uterus is a muscular organ that holds a growing baby.

 

Activities

1.- What is the fuction of the male reproductive system?

2.- Which are the main organs of the male reproductive system?

3.- Which are the functions of the testicles?

4.- Which are the main organs of the female reproductive system?

5.- Which is the function of the fallopian tubes?

6.- Which is the function of the uterus?

2. The reproduction process: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

 

2.1 Fertilization

- Sperm enter the woman’s body through the vagina.

- The sperm go up through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. - If an egg is in one of the fallopian tubes, the sperm try to join with it. Only one sperm can enter, or fertilize, the egg. The rest of the sperm die.

 

2.1 Pregnancy

- Once the egg is fertilized, pregnancy begins.

- The fertilized egg moves into the uterus.

- It starts to divide into many more cells.

-At first the developing baby is called [H1] an embryo. After about eight weeks the baby is called a fetus.

- In the uterus the baby grows inside a pouch called the amniotic sac.  The liquid protects the baby and lets it move around.

- The placenta is a structure that lines part of the uterus to feed the baby.

 

2.3. Birth

 

- After about nine months of development the baby is ready to leave the woman’s body.

- When the baby is born the umbilical cord and the placenta also leave the mother’s body.

 

Activities

1.- How is the fertilization produced?

2.- How is the developing baby called at first?

3.- How is the developing baby called after eight weeks?

4.- How is the pouch called where the baby grows?

5.- What is the fuction of the placenta?

6.- What happens when the baby is born?

 

3.- Puberty

3.1.-What's Puberty?

- Puberty  is the name for the time when your body begins to develop and change as you move from kid to adult.

- Everybody goes through these changes.

3.2.-When Does Puberty Start?

- Puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 9 and 15 in boys. This wide range in ages may help explain why some of your friends still look like young kids while others look more like adults.

3.3.-What changes does Puberty bring in the body?

- When your body is ready to begin puberty your brain, releases special hormones.

-  Depending on whether you're a boy or a girl, these hormones go to work on different parts of the body.

- For boys, the hormones travel through the blood to begin making testosterone . Testosterone is the hormone that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty.

- In girls, the hormones cause the ovaries to start making another hormone, called estrogen. - These hormones prepare a girl's body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.

- Boys and girls both begin to grow hair under their arms and their pubic areas (on and around the genitals). 

-Boys also start to grow hair on their faces. In addition, boys' voices  become deeper.

- Girls' bodies usually become curvier. Their hips get wider and their breasts develop.

3.4.-Emotional changes during Puberty

Just as those hormones change the way your body looks on the outside, they also create changes on the inside. During puberty, you might feel confused or have strong emotions that you've never had before. You might feel overly sensitive or become upset easily.

Some kids lose their tempers more often and get angry with their friends or families. You also may feel anxious about how your changing body looks.

Activities

1.- Definition of puberty.

2.- When does the puberty start?

3.- What changes does a boy have in the body during the puberty period?

4.- What changes does a girl have in the body during the puberty period?

5.- List emotional changes in puberty.

 

 

4.- Sexual Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are usually spread by having unprotected sexual contact with someone who's infected. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

You can help prevent STIs  being monogamous.

The most common sexual deseases are:

1.- Chlamydia.

2.-Gonorrhoea. ...

3.- Syphilis. ...

4.- Hepatitis C. ...

5.- Hepatitis B. ...

6.- Hepatitis A. ...

7.- Genital herpes. ...

8.-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

 

Activities

1.- What is a STI or STDS?

2.- List two common sexual diseases.

 

 

 

 

 

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