Unit 1: “ A common life”
1.- Living things
2.- How to obtain energy:
digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system.
3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervous system and the locomotor
system.
4.- Reproduction: the male
and female reproductive system.
1.- Living things
1.1
Classifying living things.
1.2 Vital functions
1.3
Characteristics of living things
1.1 Classifying living
things.
- - Ecosystems are made up of living
things( human beings, plants and animals) and non-living things( rocks,
water and so on)
- Living things can
be multicellular ( many cells) or unicellular (
just one cell).
Multicellular organisms
- Cells are the
building blocks of life.
- Cells interact to form tissues.
- Different types of tissue
form organs.
- Some organs form systems such
as the digestive system.
- Many systems form an organism.
1.2
Vital functions
- The three vital functions are: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction
- We classify living things in different
groups: animals (dog), plants(tree), fungi (mushroom) and
other organism (algae and bacteria).
Activities
1.- Write the four groups of living things.
……………………………………………………………
2.- Classify the following living things: dog, tree, mushroom,
bacteria.
|
Animals |
Plants |
Fungi |
Other
living things |
|
|
|
|
|
3.- Which are the three vital function?
…………………………………………........
4.- Match with the proper sentence: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction.
|
Living
things need food for energy. |
|
|
Living
things need interact. |
|
|
Living
things make new living things. |
|
1.3 Characteristics of living things
A cell is the smallest
living unit. There are two types: animal cell and plant cell.
1.- Write the two types of cells
……………………………
………………………………………
2. Definition of cell.
........................
3 . Draw a plant cell and an animal cell.
,............
2.- How to obtain energy: digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system
· Circulatory system
- The circulatory system moves blood around our body. The main organs are: the heart, arteries and veins. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
The circulatory system transport nutrients and oxygen to every cell in your body.
- The circulatory system
consists of heart and blood vessels.
-
·
Respiratory system
The
respiratory system alow us to breath. We breath oxygen through
our nose and expel carbon dioxide through
our mouth.
The main organs are: nose,
mouth and lungs. This is the process:
1º.- When you breathe in air enters the body through your mout
2º.- When you breathe out you expel carbon dioxide
Don´t forget that colds and
the flu are caused by viruses and bacteria.
·
Excretory
system
- The excretory system is made up
of the urinary system and sweat glands.
The urinary system
1º.- The kidneys separate water and
minerals from the blood to produce urine.
2º.- The bladder releases urine through the urethra.
· Digestive system
-
The digestive system help us to digest the food we
eat. The main organs are: mouth, stomach and intestine.
- The
digestive system extracts nutrients from the food you eat.
- Waste leaves the body through the anus.
Activities
1.- Write three organs of the respiratory system
...............................................
2.- Write the two parts of the excretory system
…….................................
3.- Write three
organs of the digestive system
…………………………………………………
4- Write the four elements of the blood
………………………………………………
3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervious system and the
locomotor system
3.1.
Receiving information: The five senses.
3.2.
Processing information: The nervous system.
3.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor system
3.1. The five senses
The five senses
are: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.
1.- Match with the five senses.
- I
can see with my eyes.........
- I
can hear with my ear...........
- I
can taste with my tongue............
- I
can smell with my nose....................
- I
can touch with my fingers. Our skin is the organ we use to
touch.........................
3.2.
Processing information: The nervous system.
- It is divided in two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
a)The central nervous system
The central nervous system is made up of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.
- The brain.- It is the control centre. It is made up of three parts:
- The cerebrum.
- The cerebelum
- The brain stem
- The spinal cord.- It protects the vertebrae.
b) The peripheral nervous system
It consists of millions of nerves and neurons. There are two types of neurons:
-Sensory neurons
- Motor neurons
- Activities
1.- Which are the two parts of the nervous system?
......................................................................................
2.- Which are the two parts of the central nervous system?
...............................................................................................
3.-Which are the three parts of the brain?
..................................................................................
4.- Which are the two types of neurons?
.........................................................................
3.3. Giving a response:
The human locomotor system
The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.
- The skeleton
- The skeleton fuction is to
support the body and protect the internal organs.
- The skeleton is made up of
bones and cartilage.
-
- Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are
three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.
- The muscles: Characteristics:
- Our muscles contract and relax. They can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Activities
1.- Which are the three components of the locomotor system?
.......................................................................................
2.- List 5 bones of our body.
........................................................................................
3.- List the three types
of joints.
...............................................................................................
4.- List 5 muscles
of our body.
...................................................................................................................
4.- Reproduction: the male
and female system.
- Reproduction is made up of the female reproductive system and the male reproductive system.
Activities
1.- List 3 components of the male reproductive system
..................................................................................
2.- List 3 components of the female reproductive system
.................................................................................
