Unit
2: Interaction and the body
2.1. Receiving information: The five senses.
2.2. Processing information: The nervious system.
2.3.
Giving a response: The human
locomotor system
2.1.
Receiving information: The five senses.
The five senses are: sight.
hearing, smell, touch and taste.
Ø Sight elements:
eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.
Ø Hearing elements: semicircular
canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.
Ø Smell elements: nostrils,
nerve receptor and olfatory nerve.
Ø Taste elements: taste
buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.
· Smell
and taste go together because they have got a close relationship.
Ø Touch elements: dermis,
nerves, blood vessels.
2.2.
Processing information: The nervious system.
The characteristics of
the nervious system are:
-
It receives information from the five
senses.
-
It is made up of millions of neurons.
-
It is divided in two parts: the central
nervious system and the peripheral nervious system.
Ø The central nervious system
The
central nervious system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.
· The
brain:
o
The main characteristics are:
-
The brain is the control centre.
-
It is procteted by the skull or cranium.
-
It controls voluntary movements (
consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).
o
The brain is made up of three parts:
-
The
cerebum: It has got the right hemisphere and the left
hemisphere. It controls thoughts, emotions, language, behaviour and voluntary
movements.
-
The
cerebelum: It controls balance, movement and
coordination.
-
The
brain stem: It controls involuntary movements such as
breathing or digestión. It connects the brain to the spinal cord.
· The
espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It controls
réflex actions ( spontaneous actions).
Ø The peripheral nervious system
· Characterictics
-
It is made up of nerves.
-
It carries messages from the nervious
system.
-
It consists of millions of neurons.
· Types of neurons: There
are two types:
- Sensory neurons: They
are from the five senses.
- Motor neurons: They
are related to our muscles.
2.3.
Giving a response: The human locomotor system
The locomotor system is
made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.
Ø The skeleton
-
The skeleton fuction is to support the
body and protect the internal organs.
-
The skeleton is made up of bones and
cartilage.
-
There are three types of bones: short
bones (vertebrae),
flat bones ( ribs) and long bones ( arms
and legs).
· Label
the bones in the picture. Book page 26
Ø Joints : They
connect our bones by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible
joints and flexible joints.
Ø The muscles:
Characteristics:
-
There are over 600 muscles in the
human body.
-
Our muscles contract and relax.
-
The tendons connect muscles to the
bones.
-
Our muscles can be voluntary and involuntary
muscles.
· Label
the muscles in the picture. Book page 27
