NS6: UNIT 4: INTERACTION

 

Unit 4: “ INTERACTION”

 

1.- The five senses

2.- The nervous system

3.-The locomotor system.

4.- Healthy habits

 

1.- The five senses

 The five senses are: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. 

 - Sight elements: eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.

  - Hearing elements: semicircular canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.

 - Smell elements: nostrils, nerve receptor and olfatory nerve.

- Taste elements: taste buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.

 

       Smell and taste go together because they have got a close relationship.

 

 - Touch elements: dermis, nerves, blood vessels.

Activities

1.- List the five senses.

2.- List three elements of sight

3.-List three elements of hearing

4.- List three elements of smell

5.- List three elements of taste

6.- List three elements of touch 

2.- The nervous system

        The characteristics of the nervous system are:

-       -  It receives information from the five senses.

-       -  It is made up of millions of neurons.

-        It is divided in two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

 

2.1.-The central nervous system

The central nervous system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.

2.1.1.The brain 

o  The main characteristics are: 

-        The brain is the control centre.

-        It is procteted by the skull or cranium.

-        It controls voluntary movements ( consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).

o  The brain is made up of three parts: The cerebrum, the cerebelum and the brain stem.

 

2.1.2.The espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It controls reflex actions ( spontaneous actions).

 2.2. The peripheral nervous system

- Characterictics: 

-        It is made up of nerves.

-        It carries messages from the nervious system.

-        It consists of millions of neurons.

 

- Types of neurons: There are two types:

- Sensory neurons: They are from the five senses.

- Motor neurons: They are related to our muscles.

Activities

1.- Which are the two parts of the nervous system?

2.- Which are the two parts of the central nervous system?

3.- Which are the three parts of the brain?

4.- Which are the two types of neurons?

 

3.- The locomotor system

        The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.

 

3.1.- The skeleton

-        The skeleton fuction is to support the body and protect the internal organs.

-        The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage.

-        There are three types of bones: short bones    (vertebrae), flat bones  ( ribs) and long bones ( arms and legs).

 

3.2.- Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.

 

3.3.- The muscles: 

- Characteristics:

-        There are over 600 muscles in the human body.

-        Our muscles contract and relax.

-        The tendons connect muscles to the bones.

-        Our muscles can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.

 

 Activities

1.- Which are the three components of the locomotor system?

2.- Which are the three types of bones?

3.- List  5 bones of our body.

4.- List the three types of joints

5.- List the  5  muscles of our body.

 

4.- Healthy habits

These are healthy habits to take into account:

- Eat healthy.

- Do exercise.

- Sleep enough.

- Keep clean.

- Prevention.

- Don´t waste time playing videogames. Game over.

- Say no to harmful(dañinas) substances such as drugs or alcohol.

 

NS5: TOPIC 2: HEALTHY LIVING

 

Unit 2: “ Healthy living”

 

1.- Healthy food.

2.- Digestion and repiration

3.- Diseases and illnesses

 

1.- Healthy food

1.1.              1.-Healthy diet

A healthy diet is a balanced diet where we eat properly. There are 5 groups of food.

-        Carbohydrates and fibre.

-        Proteins and iron.

-        Fruit and vegetables.

-        Dairy products

-        Fats.

 

                              Our body is 75% water.

 

 Read the sentences and learn.

a. This helps our digestive system work correctly.	fibre
b. We need them to grow.	proteins
c. We need them to stay healthy.	vitamins and minerals
d. They give us energy.	carbohydrates and fats

 

 

m       Meals:  There are three main meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner and two healthy snacks: one in the morning and one in the afternoon ( fruit, yogourt).

 

1.2.                  2.- Health problems

If you don´t take care of yourself, you can have health problems such as:

-        Colds and flu.

-        Stomach upsets

-        Tiredness

-        Respiratory problems.

-        Tooth decay

-        Obesity

 

                    Activities

1.- List the five groups of food

2.- Which are the groups that give us energy?

3.- What is the  group that help us to grow?

4.- Which are the main meals?

5.- List the health problems you know

 

                  2.- Digestion and respiration

                 2.1.-DIGESTION

           When we eat, our body has to digest the food so we can get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that are in food. We digest our food in the “gastro-intestinal system”. Digestion occurs in three main ways: 

1.     We chew our food, and our teeth break down the food into smaller pieces. Also, the liquid in our mouths (saliva) causes a chemical reaction that starts to digest the food.

2. In our stomach, chemicals called enzymes change the food into smaller molecules that the body can use.

3.     After the food is changed into small molecules, the blood carries the molecules to other parts of the body.

 

            We can classify living things according to  the type of food we eat:

             1.- Carnivores.- They eat other animals.

             2.- Hervivores.- They eat plants.

             3.- Omnivores.- They eat plants and other animals.

                  Activities

1.- What is the system that we digest our food?

2.- Which are the 3 steps of digestion?

3.- How can we divide living things according the food we eat?

                 2.2.- RESPIRATION

              Respiration is the process that all living things go through to create the energy they need to live. This happens in the cells so it is also called cellular respiration. It usually involves exchanging two gases—oxygen and carbon dioxide. The cells take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all living cells, including plant cells and animal cells.

       Activities

1.- Definition of respiration

2.- Which are the two gases we exchange?

3.- Where do respiration happen?

                   3.  Diseases and illnesses

 

3.                        1.-Infectious diseases 

-        Pathogens are organisms which produce  diseases. The most important ones are bacteria and viruses.

-        The illnesses produced by bacteria are: tetanus, salmonellosis, conjutivitis, pneumonia.

-        The illnesses produced by viruses are: measles   (sarampión), chickenpox (varicela) and the flu.

-        The symptoms of an infection are fever and inflammation.

-        Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics and antivirals. 

 

AActivities

1.- What is a pathogens?

2.- Which are the illnesses produced by bacteria  ?

3.- Which are the illnesses produced by viruses  ?

 

3.                   2.-  Non infectious diseases

- Non infectious diseases are produced by factors such us: environment, unhealthy lifestyle, genetics, vitamins deficiency and organ malfunction.

- The most important non infectious diseases are: allergies, cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases.

 

                    Activities

1.- Which are the factors that produce non infectious diseases?

2.- Which are the most important no infectious  diseases ?

 

NS6: PROJECT WORK

 Let´s investigate making Natural Science Project Works with CANVA following these instructions:

1º.- Choose a Natural Science unit. Open joylandelpaisdelaalegria

2º.-Open your CANVA account.

3º.- Do a presentation using your Natural Science notes

4º.- Your presentation sould made up of 13 slides ( 1º title and your name, 2º Index, 3-12,     questions, 13º, thank you very much

Let´s have fun!!!!!!!!!

NS6: UNIT 1: ENERGY AND ROBOTICS

 

Unit 1: “ Energy and robotics”

 

1.-  How to obtain energy

2.- Electric energy

3.- Machines and Robots 

 

      1.- How to obtain energy:

      1.1 Different types of energy.

      2.2 Sources of energy.

 

1.1 Different types of energy.

There are many but the most important ones are:

    Kinetic energy.- We use it for movement.

    Chemical energy.-We have it in food.

    Sound energy.- We have it in anything that makes sounds.

    Thermal energy.-It produces heat. Example: The Sun produces a lot of termal energy.

    Electrical energy.-It is used every day with light bulbs.

    Light energy.-It is produced by traffic lights and by The Sun.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.-Which are the  six most important types of energy? 

2.- Match

    Kinetic                                          sound

    Electrical                              every day

    Sound                                          movement

3.- Draw an example of the different types of energy.

 

1.2 Sources of energy.

There are two types: non- renewable energy and renewable energy.

 

     Non-renewable energy.-They come from the ground and the seabed. We cannot replace them. Examples: natural gas, coal and crude oil.

 

     Renewable energy.-They are The Sun, air and water. They don´t run out. They don´t cause pollution. Examples: solar energy with solar panels, wind farms and hydroelectric power stations.

 

ACTIVITIES

 

1.- Which are the two types the sources of energy?

2.- Where the non-renewable energy comes from?

a) The ground                     b) The Sun

 3.- Write 3 examples of  renewable and non-renewable energy. 

4.- True or False

- The Sun is for renewable  energy.     

-  Air is non- renewable energy            

-Renewable energy is better for the environment    

5.- Complete the sentences

 

-      ………… energy sources will never run out.

-      ……………..energy sources run out. 

6.- Draw renewables and non renewables energy.

 

ACTIVITIES

1.- Match the form of energy with the examples

a) Lamps, street lights……………………………………

b) A food broken……………………………………..

c) A cooker, the Sun……………………………….

d) Lighting…………………………………………

2.- Filling in gap with the correct word.

a) We can ……………. energy from the sunlight and wind.

b) Solar energy does…………….pollute.

3.- Draw the visual summary of the unit

2.- Electric energy

2.1 What do you mean by electric energy?

Electrical energy is the power an atom's charged particles have to cause an action or move an object. The movement of electrons from one atom to another is what results in electrical energy. There are two types of electricity: static and current.

-         Static electricity.- It doesn't move from one place to another and stays in the place it was created.

-         Current electricity.-It  is when an electrical charge is given a path to move through.

Activities

1.- Definition of electrical energy.

................................................................

2.- How is electrical energy produced?

............................................................

3.- List the two types of electricity.

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2.2 What is an electrical circuit?

Electric circuit is a path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator and  devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers.

2.3.- What are the four basic components of an electric circuit ?

Every electric circuit, has four basic parts:

·        A conductive path

·        A source          

·        A load

·        A controller (switch).

Activities

1.- What is an electrical circuit?

.......................................................................................................

2.- List two devices that give energy

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3.- Write  two devices that work with electrical energy.

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4.- Name the four basic components of an electric circuit.

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2.4.-What are the 5 basic electrical symbols?

There are five commonly used symbols in Electrical – Switch, Wire, Contactor, Motor, Transformer. These symbols can be used in any electrical drawings. Switches are used for ON/OFF any control circuit. 

2.5.-Type of circuits

There are two basic types of electric circuits: series and parallel.

-  Series circuit.- There is only one path for the current, and a break in the circuit stops the current.

- Parallel circuit.- There are multiple pathways or branches.

Activities

1.- Write the 5 basic electrical symbols.

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2.- List the two types of electric circuits.

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3.- Draw an electric circuit.

 

3.- Machines, technology and robots   

3.1.-Machines

There are two types of machines: simple machines and complex machines.Avanced machines such as cars are made up of simple and complex machines.

- Simple machines.- Some examples are: Wheel and axle, screw, pulley and level and fulcrum.

-    Complex machines.-  Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines. Some examples are: gears, engine or motor,

 

Activities

1.- Definition of simple machine.

............................................................................................................................................

2.- Definition of complex machine.

.....................................................................................................................................

3.-List examples of  simple machines.

.............................................................................................................................................

4.- List examples of  complex machines.

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 3.2.-Technology

Technology influences in our lives. It helps us at work, at home and in our free time. There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier such as phones and machines at home,

 Technology is in everywhere: industry, education, transport, free time and  health.

   Activities

1.- List the places where the technology has changed our lives.

.............................................................................................................

2.- Name 3  inventions that make us our live easier.

..............................................................................................

3.- List 5 fields where we use technology.

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3.3.-Robots

3.3.1.-What is robotics ?

Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.

332.- What is a robot?

A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world.

3.3.3.- Common types of robots

- Articulated Robots. The robotic arm

-        -  Humanoids. ...

-         - Robots in medicine

-         - Robots at home such as cooking robots and vacuum cleaner.

 

Activities

1.- What is the objective of the robotic field?

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2.- What can a robot do ?

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3.- List  common types of robots

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