https://youtu.be/SIbFuiCfkr8?si=1noJD8MvBEA7liVa
miércoles, 18 de septiembre de 2024
viernes, 13 de septiembre de 2024
NS6: UNIT 1: ENERGY AND ROBOTICS
Unit 1: “ Energy
and robotics”
1.- How to obtain
energy
2.- Electric energy
3.- Machines and Robots
1.- How to obtain energy:
1.1
Different types of energy.
2.2
Sources of energy.
1.1 Different types of
energy.
There are many but the most important ones
are:
Kinetic energy.- We use it for movement.
Chemical energy.-We have it in food.
Sound energy.- We have it in anything that makes sounds.
Thermal energy.-It produces heat. Example: The Sun produces a lot of termal energy.
Electrical energy.-It is used every day with light bulbs.
Light energy.-It is produced by traffic lights and by The Sun.
ACTIVITIES
1.-Which are the six most important types
of energy?
2.- Match
Kinetic sound
Electrical every
day
Sound movement
3.- Draw
an example of the different types of energy.
1.2 Sources of energy.
There are two types: non- renewable energy
and renewable energy.
Non-renewable energy.-They come from the ground and the seabed. We cannot replace them.
Examples: natural gas, coal and crude oil.
Renewable energy.-They are The Sun, air and water. They don´t run out. They don´t cause
pollution. Examples: solar energy with solar panels, wind farms and
hydroelectric power stations.
ACTIVITIES
1.- Which are the two
types the sources of energy?
2.- Where the non-renewable energy comes
from?
a) The ground b)
The Sun
3.- Write 3 examples of renewable and non-renewable energy.
4.- True or
False
- The Sun is for
renewable energy.
- Air is non- renewable
energy
-Renewable energy is better for the environment
5.- Complete the sentences
- …………
energy sources will never run out.
- ……………..energy
sources run out.
6.- Draw renewables
and non renewables energy.
1.- Match the form of
energy with the examples
a) Lamps, street lights……………………………………
b) A food broken……………………………………..
c) A cooker, the Sun……………………………….
a) We can …………….
energy from the sunlight and wind.
b) Solar energy does…………….pollute.
3.- Draw the visual summary of the unit
2.- Electric energy
2.1 What do you mean by electric energy?
Electrical
energy is the power an atom's charged particles have to cause an action or move
an object. The movement of electrons from one atom to another is what results
in electrical energy. There are two types
of electricity: static and current.
-
Static electricity.- It doesn't
move from one place to another and stays in the place it was created.
-
Current electricity.-It is when an electrical charge is given a path
to move through.
Activities
1.- Definition of electrical energy.
................................................................
2.- How is electrical energy produced?
............................................................
3.- List the two types of electricity.
.............................................................................
2.2 What is an electrical circuit?
Electric circuit is a path for transmitting electric current. An electric circuit includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or a generator and devices that use current, such as lamps, electric motors, or computers.
2.3.- What are the four basic components of an
electric circuit ?
Every electric circuit, has four basic parts:
· A conductive path
· A source
· A load
·
A controller (switch).
Activities
1.- What is an electrical circuit?
.......................................................................................................
2.- List two devices that give energy
...................................................................................
3.- Write two devices that work with electrical energy.
............................................................................
4.- Name the four basic components of an electric circuit.
..................................................................................................
2.4.-What are the 5 basic electrical symbols?
There are five commonly used symbols in Electrical – Switch, Wire, Contactor, Motor, Transformer. These symbols can be used in any electrical drawings. Switches are used for ON/OFF any control circuit.
2.5.-Type of
circuits
There are two basic types of
electric circuits: series and parallel.
- Series circuit.- There is only one
path for the current, and a break in the circuit stops the current.
- Parallel circuit.- There
are multiple pathways or branches.
Activities
1.- Write the 5 basic electrical symbols.
.................................................................
2.- List the two types of electric circuits.
..............................................................
3.- Draw an electric circuit.
3.- Machines,
technology and robots
3.1.-Machines
There
are two types of machines: simple machines and complex
machines.Avanced
machines such as cars are made up of simple and complex machines.
- Simple machines.- Some
examples are: Wheel and axle, screw, pulley and level and fulcrum.
§ Wheel and axle.- It is used to move things easy.
§ Screw.- It goes around a cylinder.We can use
screws to hold things.
§ Pulley.- It
has a Wheel and axle and a rope. It is used for lifting objects. A car´s brakes work using pulleys.
§ Lever and
fulcrum.- It consits of a level with a support called fulcrum
It is used for lifting an object.
-
Complex machines.- Complex machines are made up of two or more simple machines.
Some of them have engine or motor.
Some
examples are: gears, engine or motor,
§ Gears.-Gears are wheels with teeth that fit
together. A good
example is the chain of a bike. Gears in a car are in the engine.
§ Engine and
motors.-A engine or motor is the part of the machine which produces movement. An
engine needs fuel to work. A motor needs
electricity.
Activities
1.- Definition of simple machine.
2.- Definition of complex machine.
3.-List examples of simple machines and complex machines.
4.- Which is a gear?.
3.2.-Tecnology
Technology influences in our lives. It helps us at
work, at home and in our free time. There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier
such as phones and machines at home,
§ Phone.- Phones are small computers.You can
send messages, find information
on internet, listen to music and so on.
§ Machines at
home.- Some examples are: dishwashers, microwave,refigerators and so on.There are energy-saving light bulbs
are very efficient.
Technology is in everywhere:
industry, education, transport, free time and
health.
§ Industry.-There are also industrial changes. Companies are using enviromentally friendly new machines.
Government create laws to control industries.
§ Education.-We
can find in our classrooms digital boards, tablets and e-books.
§ Transport.-Thanks to the technology
our methods of transports are more fasters and secure. Some of them are environmentally
friendl using eco-fuel, bio-diesel or solar energy.
§ Free time.- You
can watch a movie on TV or at the cinema in three dimensions and special effects. Most
mobile phones allow us to make photos or a video.
§ Health.-Examples
of technology in a hospital are X-ray, CT scans which help us to detect diseases. There are devices to
measure the level of sugar in blood and blood pressure.
Activities
1.- List the places where the
technology has changed our lives.
2.- Explain the industrial changes.
3.- Explain the health changes.
4.- Explain the free time changes.
5.- Explain the transport changes.
6.-
Explain the education changes.
3.3.-Robots
3.3.1.-What is robotics ?
Robotics is a branch of engineering
and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture and
operation of robots. The objective of the
robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a
variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.
332.- What is a robot?
A robot is an autonomous machine
capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make
decisions, and performing actions in the real world.
3.3.3.- Common types of robots
-
Articulated
Robots. The robotic arm
-
Humanoids.
...
-
Robots
in medicine
-
Robots at home such as cooking
robots and vacuum cleaner.
Activities
1.-
What is the objective of the robotic field?
2.-
Can robots perform actions in real life?
3.-
Which type of robot do you prefer? Draw.
NS5: UNIT 1: A COMMON LIFE
Unit 1: “ A common life”
1.- Living things
2.- How to obtain energy:
digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system.
3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervous system and the locomotor
system.
4.- Reproduction: the male
and female reproductive system.
1.- Living things
1.1
Classifying living things.
1.2 Vital functions
1.3
Characteristics of living things
1.1 Classifying living
things.
- - Ecosystems are made up of living
things( human beings, plants and animals) and non-living things( rocks,
water and so on)
- Living things can
be multicellular ( many cells) or unicellular (
just one cell).
Multicellular organisms
- Cells are the
building blocks of life.
- Cells interact to form tissues.
- Different types of tissue
form organs.
- Some organs form systems such
as the digestive system.
- Many systems form an organism.
1.2
Vital functions
- The three vital functions are: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction
- We classify living things in different
groups: animals (dog), plants(tree), fungi (mushroom) and
other organism (algae and bacteria).
Activities
1.- Write the four groups of living things.
……………………………………………………………
2.- Classify the following living things: dog, tree, mushroom,
bacteria.
|
Animals |
Plants |
Fungi |
Other
living things |
|
|
|
|
|
3.- Which are the three vital function?
…………………………………………........
4.- Match with the proper sentence: nutrition,
interaction and reproduction.
|
Living
things need food for energy. |
|
|
Living
things need interact. |
|
|
Living
things make new living things. |
|
1.3 Characteristics of living things
A cell is the smallest
living unit. There are two types: animal cell and plant cell.
1.- Write the two types of cells
……………………………
………………………………………
2. Definition of cell.
........................
3 . Draw a plant cell and an animal cell.
,............
2.- How to obtain energy: digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system and excretory system
· Circulatory system
- The circulatory system moves blood around our body. The main organs are: the heart, arteries and veins. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
The circulatory system transport nutrients and oxygen to every cell in your body.
- The circulatory system
consists of heart and blood vessels.
-
·
Respiratory system
The
respiratory system alow us to breath. We breath oxygen through
our nose and expel carbon dioxide through
our mouth.
The main organs are: nose,
mouth and lungs. This is the process:
1º.- When you breathe in air enters the body through your mout
2º.- When you breathe out you expel carbon dioxide
Don´t forget that colds and
the flu are caused by viruses and bacteria.
·
Excretory
system
- The excretory system is made up
of the urinary system and sweat glands.
The urinary system
1º.- The kidneys separate water and
minerals from the blood to produce urine.
2º.- The bladder releases urine through the urethra.
· Digestive system
-
The digestive system help us to digest the food we
eat. The main organs are: mouth, stomach and intestine.
- The
digestive system extracts nutrients from the food you eat.
- Waste leaves the body through the anus.
Activities
1.- Write three organs of the respiratory system
...............................................
2.- Write the two parts of the excretory system
…….................................
3.- Write three
organs of the digestive system
…………………………………………………
4- Write the four elements of the blood
………………………………………………
3.-Interaction: the five senses, the nervious system and the
locomotor system
3.1.
Receiving information: The five senses.
3.2.
Processing information: The nervous system.
3.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor system
3.1. The five senses
The five senses
are: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.
1.- Match with the five senses.
- I
can see with my eyes.........
- I
can hear with my ear...........
- I
can taste with my tongue............
- I
can smell with my nose....................
- I
can touch with my fingers. Our skin is the organ we use to
touch.........................
3.2.
Processing information: The nervous system.
- It is divided in two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
a)The central nervous system
The central nervous system is made up of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.
- The brain.- It is the control centre. It is made up of three parts:
- The cerebrum.
- The cerebelum
- The brain stem
- The spinal cord.- It protects the vertebrae.
b) The peripheral nervous system
It consists of millions of nerves and neurons. There are two types of neurons:
-Sensory neurons
- Motor neurons
- Activities
1.- Which are the two parts of the nervous system?
......................................................................................
2.- Which are the two parts of the central nervous system?
...............................................................................................
3.-Which are the three parts of the brain?
..................................................................................
4.- Which are the two types of neurons?
.........................................................................
3.3. Giving a response:
The human locomotor system
The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.
- The skeleton
- The skeleton fuction is to
support the body and protect the internal organs.
- The skeleton is made up of
bones and cartilage.
-
- Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are
three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.
- The muscles: Characteristics:
- Our muscles contract and relax. They can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Activities
1.- Which are the three components of the locomotor system?
.......................................................................................
2.- List the 5 bones of our body.
........................................................................................
3.- List the three types
of joints.
...............................................................................................
4.- List the 5 muscles
of our body.
...................................................................................................................
4.- Reproduction: the male
and female system.
- Reproduction is made up of the female reproductive system and the male reproductive system.
Activities
1.- List 3 components of the male reproductive system
..................................................................................
2.- List 3 components of the female reproductive system
.................................................................................
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