NS3: MATTER, MATTERIALS AND MIXTURES

 

Unit 7: matter, materials and mixtures

      7.1 Physical changes.

      7.2 Chemical changes.

      7.3 Mixtures.

      7.4 Where do materials come from?

7.1 Physical changes.

- Matter has properties such as shape, size and state.

- It has got three states: solid, liquid and gas.

- Matter can also change of shape. We can bend, press or stretch. Example: when we play with the plasticine.

 

Ø     Activity. Answer the following questions:

1-           Which are the  properties of matter?

They are shape, size and state.

 

2.- Which are the three states of matter?

They are liquid, solid and gas.

 

3.- How can be produced the change of shape?

We can bend, press and strech.

 

7.2 Chemical changes.

 

-There are chemical changes with water, air and other elements.

- The most important chemical changes are:

·     Combustion.- Matter is burned.

·     Oxidaxion.- The metal reacts with water and air.

 

Ø     Activity.Answer the following questions:

 

1.- How  a chemical change is produced

Matter reacts with air, water and other elements.

 

2.- Write the chemichal change

a) The metal reacts with water and air……OXIDATION…………………

b)  Matter is burned…….COMBUSTION

7.3 Mixtures

-A mixture is something that contains two or more different materials.

- Examples: salad, soup, creams.

- The methods to separate mixtures are: filtration and evaporation.

 

Ø     Activity. Answer the following questions:

 

1.- Definition of mixture

A mixture is something that contains two or more different materials.

 

2.- True or False

- Filtration is a method.     TRUE.

- Salad is not a mixture       FALSE

- A soup is a mixture           TRUE

3.- Read and circle the correct answer.

 

a)      Chemical changes /  Physical changes are when substances change into different substances.
b)      Contraction / Combustion is a physical change.
c)      Matter / A mixture is when two or more substances are mixed together.

  

7.4 Where do materials come from? 

-We can classify materials in two types:

Ø     Natural materials.-They are from living things. Examples:

·     From plants.- Wood ( madera)

·     From animals.- wool ( lana).

·     From the ground.- iron ( hierro)

 

Ø     Manufactured materials.- They are made by men. Example: steel.

·     From wood.- table, paper.

·     From wool.- clothes.

 

Ø     Activity. Answer the following questions:

 

1.- List the two types of materials.

They can be natural materials and magnufactured materials.

 

2.- Draw

Natural material

Magnufactured material

 

 

NS 5: MATTER AND FORCES

 

Unit 7: matter and forces

      7.1 Matter and its properties.

      7.2 Forces and their effects.

      7.3 A new world  of materials.

7.1 Matter and its properties.

- Matter is everything around us and it is made up of atoms and molecules.

- It has got three states: solid, liquid and gas.

- It has got  common properties such as colour, odour and taste.

- Other important properties are: volumen, density, mass, hardness and solubility.

- According to the composition we can classify matter into two types:

·     Pure substances.- It consists of only one type of matter. Example: salt or silver.

·     Mixtures.- They are made up of two or more substances. They can be:

-       Homogeneous mixture.- We cannot see individual subtances. Example: sea water.

-       Heterogeneous mixture.- We can see individual substances. Example: salad. 

-There are different methods to separate mixtures such as: filtration and evaporation.

7.2Forces and their effects.

-A force is a push or pull that acts on an object.

- We cannot see forces, just their effects. There are two types of forces:

·     Non-contact forces.- They act from a distance. The most important ones are: magnetism and gravity.

·     Contact forces.- Thet act through physical contact. The most important ones are: friction and buoyancy.

-Depending on their density some objects sink and other float.

7.3A new world  of materials 

-We can find natural materials and man-made materials.

·     Natural materials.- We can find the in the nature. Examples: Wood and gold.

·  Man-made materials.- They are made by men. Example: steel  and ceramic material.

 

 

NS5: UNIT 6: THE BIOSPHERE

 

UNIT 6: THE BIOSPHERE

       5.1. Who´s eating who?

       5.2. The loss of biodiversity.

    

5.1. Who´s eating who?.

- Every organism need food to live.

- As a result, we can find food chain and food web in an ecosystem.

 

Ø Food chain

-        A  food chain is made up of the following levels: producers, consumers and decomposers.

 

a)  Producers.- They make their own food through the photosynthesis. Examples: algae and plants.

 

b)  Consumers.- They eat other living things. They can be: primary consumers, secundary consumers and tertiary consumers.

 

-        Primary consumers.- They are herbivores and omnivores. They eat producers. Example: cow.

 

-        Secundary consumers.- They are carnivores and omnivores. They eat primary consumers. Example: fox.

-        Tertiary consumers.- They are carnivores and omnivores. They eat secundary consumers. Example: snakes.

 

c)   Decomposers.- They live on the remains of other living things. Most of them are fungi and bacteria.

 

Ø Food web

- Most living things are part of more than one food chain.

- There are more than one food chain in the same ecosystem interacting each other.

 

5.2. The loss of biodiversity.

- There is a loss of biodiversity when every single member of a specie desappear. It is called extinction.

 

Ø Biodiversity loss: causes and effects

 

-        CAUSES:

-There are many causes which produce extinction but the most important one is  the behavior of the human beings. Some examples are: pollution and hunting animals.

 

-        EFFECTS:             

-The most important effects are: climate change and the alteration of hábitats.

 

Ø Protecting biodiversity

 

-        There are endangered species which are in danger of extinction.

-        There are wildlife protection groups who protect endagered animals. Some examples are: Iberian Lyns and Iberian imperial Eagle.

-        There are places where they are protected such as: National Parks and Biosphere reserves.

 

 

NS3: UNIT 6 INVERTEBRATES

 

UNIT 6: INVERTEBRATES

     6.1. Invertebrates groups

     6.2. Insects

6.1. Invertebrates groups

 

-        We can classify invertebrates in groups.

-        The most important ones are: Arthopods and Mollucs, but there are more groups.

 

Ø ARTHOPODS.- They are THE BIGGEST group. There are four subgroups:

 

·       INSECTS. Example: fly( mosca)

·       MYRIAPODS.-Example: centipede ( ciempiés)

·       ARACHNIDS.-Example: spider ( araña)

·       CRUSTACEANS.-Example: crab ( cangrejo)

 

Ø MOLLUSCS.-These are second biggest group. There are Three subgroups:

 

·       GASTROPODS. Example: snail( caracol)

·       BIVALVES.-Example: mussels ( mejillones)

·       CEPHALOPODS.-Example: squid ( calamar )

 

v Activities

1.- Write the most important groups of invertebrates.

The most important groups are: Arthropods and Molluscs.

2.- Which are the four subgroups of Arthropods?.

·       INSECTS.

·       MYRIAPODS.

·       ARACHNIDS.

·       CRUSTACEANS

3.-Which are the three subgroups of  Molluscs?.

·       GASTROPODS.

·       BIVALVES.

·       CEPHALOPODS

 

4.- Choose true or false.

- Antis a Molluscs……FALSE…………

- Spider is an Arachnid……TRUE…….

- Snail is a Gastropods………TRUE……………..

 

6.2. Insects

 

- There are one million of species.

- They have three  main sections: head, thorax and abdomen.

- Some examples are: mantis, ant, grasshoper.

 

Ø THE LIFE CYCLE OF INSECTS WITH WINGS

 

-        There are insects such as butterfly which change though  the metamorphosis.

-        There are four steps:

o  1st step.-An adult butterfly lays eggs.

o  2nd step.-Caterpillars. ( Gusano de seda)

o  3rd step.-Chysalis( capullo)

o  4th step.-Adult butterfly.

 

v Activities

1.- Write the three parts  of an insect.

They have three  main sections: head, thorax and abdomen.

 

    2.- List some examples of insects.

Some examples are: mantis, ant, grasshoper.

 

3.- Write the four steps of a butterfly metamorphosis

 

o  1st step.-An adult butterfly lays eggs.

o  2nd step.-Caterpillars. ( Gusano de seda)

o  3rd step.-Chysalis( capullo)

o  4th step.-Adult butterfly.