ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

 

SCIENCE PROJECT WORK WITH MAKEY MAKEY

 For doing this project work you have to follow these steps:

1º.- Download  the image on  your computer. 

2º.-  Click on the tutorial, read the steps and follow them. Click on the link https://drive.google.com/file/d/1S5a-ego04-wH1vpdDGJSmHEaUHYVq6Q_/view?usp=sharing

3º.- Learn and have fun

You have to take account these shorts environmental problems definitions:

- Air pollution is defined as the contamination of the atmosphere.

- Water pollution is defined as the contamination of seas and rivers.

- Over popullation means that there are too many people in the planet.

- Deforestation is to cut down too many trees in a place.

- Over fishing is to catch too much fish

NS5: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

Unit 9: “ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY”

1- Environmental problems

2- Technology

3.- Robotic

4.- Science challenges.

5.- Women in Science

 

1.- Environmental problems

The main enviromental problems on Earth are: air pollution, water pollution, overpopulation, deforestation and overfishing. They are also factors that produce  the climate change.

1.1.- Air pollution

  Air pollution is defined as the contamination of the atmosphere.Air pollution occurs when gases, dust, smoke, or odor get into the air and make it unclean. Air pollution is unsafe for humans, plants and animals to breathe.

1.2.- Water pollution

Water pollution is defined as the contamination of seas and rivers.Water pollution is what happens when various harmful substances get into a stream, river, or ocean, and contaminate it. These harmful substances cause the overall quality of the water to decrease and make it toxic to living creatures and the surrounding environment.

1.3.- Overpopulation

Over popullation means that there are too many people in the planet.Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. At this point it is important the concept of carbón footprint.

1.4.- Deforestation

Deforestation is to cut down too many trees in a place.Deforestation is the clearing, or cutting down, of forests. The word is normally used to describe the actions of humans in removing forests from the planet, rather than destruction caused by such natural events as hurricanes. People have been cutting down trees for thousands of years.

1.5 .- Overfishing

Over fishing is to catch too much fishOverfishing is the overharvesting of fish and marine animals. The practice involves catching so many of one species at such a rate that the species is unable to recover to normal quantities. Overfishing reduces some species to such low numbers that their survival is endangered. It drives others to extinction.

Activities

1.- List the most important environmental problems.

2.- When do air pollution occur?

3.- When do water pollution happen?

4.- What is overpopulation?

5.- What is deforestation?

6.- What is overfishing?

 

 

2.- Technology

Technology influences in our lives. It helps us at work, at home and in our free time. There are a lot of inventions which make us our live easier such as phones and machines at home,

§   Phone.- Phones are small computers.You can send messages, find information on internet, listen to music and so on.

§  Machines at home.- Some examples are: dishwashers, microwave,refigerators and so on.There are energy-saving light bulbs are very efficient.

 Technology is in everywhere: industry, education, transport, free time and  health.

§   Industry.-There are also  industrial changes. Companies are using enviromentally friendly new machines. Government create laws to control industries.

§  Education.-We can find in our classrooms digital boards, tablets and e-books.

§  Transport.-Thanks to the technology our methods of transports are more fasters and secure. Some of them are environmentally friendl using eco-fuel, bio-diesel or solar energy.

§  Free time.- You can watch a movie on TV or at the cinema in three dimensions and special effects. Most mobile phones allow us to make photos or a video.

§  Health.-Examples of technology in a hospital are X-ray, CT scans which help us to detect diseases. There are devices to measure the level of sugar in blood and blood pressure.

 

   Activities

1.- List the places where the technology has changed our lives.

2.- Explain the health changes.

3.- Explain the free time changes.

4.- Explain the education changes.

 

3.- Robotic

3.3.1.-What is robotics ?

Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception, design, manufacture and operation of robots. The objective of the robotics field is to create intelligent machines that can assist humans in a variety of ways. Robotics can take on a number of forms.

332.- What is a robot?

A robot is an autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world.

3.3.3.- Common types of robots

-         Articulated Robots. The robotic arm

-         Humanoids. ...

-         Robots in medicine

-         Robots at home such as cooking robots and vacuum cleaner.

 

Activities

1.- What is the objective of the robotic field?

2.- Can robots perform actions in real life?

3.- Which type of robot do you prefer? Draw.

 

4.- Science challenges

Science faces many challenges today, including climate change, disease, astronomy, economy and inequality. These challenges require new scientific discoveries and innovation.

·        Climate change.- Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperatures and weather.

·        Diseases.- Medicine advances with technology make our life easier.

·        Astronomy.- Technology facilitates space explorations and involve expeditions to the other planets and settlements on the Moon.

·        Economy.- There are  three fundamental economic problems: what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.

·        Inequality.- The most important is to build bridges between cultures, fairness, tolerance, and inclusión. In some countries women don´t have the same opportunities tan men to get a job.

   Activities

1.- List the science challenges in today´s world.

2.- Which is the most important for you? Discuss with your patner.

 

 

5.- Women in Science

The most remarkable ones are:

1.- Hipatia de Alejandría.- She was the first scientist woman in History. She was the inventor of various equipaments for Physics and Astronomy.

2.- Ada Lovelace.- She invented the analitic machines which was very important in the computation field.

3.- Marie Curie.- She estudied the radioactive materials for which gained the Nobel Prized in Physics  and Chemistry.

 

 

   Activities

1.- List 3 important women in Science.

2.- Which is the most remarkable for you? Discuss with your patner.

 

 

NS 6: ECOSYSTEMS

 

Unit 7: “ ECOSYSTEMS”

1.- Environmental problems.

2.- The five kingdoms.

3.-  Sustainability.

4.- National Parks

 

1. Environmental problems

The main enviromental problems on Earth are: air pollution, water pollution, overpopulation, deforestation and overfishing. They are also factors that produce  the climate change.

1.1.- Air pollution

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of the atmosphere. Air pollution occurs when gases, dust, smoke, or odor get into the air and make it unclean. Air pollution is unsafe for humans, plants and animals to breathe.

1.2.- Water pollution

Water pollution is defined as the contamination of seas and rivers.Water pollution is what happens when various harmful substances get into a stream, river, or ocean, and contaminate it. These harmful substances cause the overall quality of the water to decrease and make it toxic to living creatures and the surrounding environment.

1.3.- Overpopulation

Over popullation means that there are too many people in the planet.Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities. At this point it is important the concept of carbón footprint.

1.4.- Deforestation

Deforestation is to cut down too many trees in a place.Deforestation is the clearing, or cutting down, of forests. The word is normally used to describe the actions of humans in removing forests from the planet, rather than destruction caused by such natural events as hurricanes. People have been cutting down trees for thousands of years.

1.5 .- Overfishing

Over fishing is to catch too much fish. Overfishing is the overharvesting of fish and marine animals. The practice involves catching so many of one species at such a rate that the species is unable to recover to normal quantities. Overfishing reduces some species to such low numbers that their survival is endangered. It drives others to extinction.

Activities

1.- List the most important environmental problems.

2.- When do air pollution occur?

3.- When do water pollution happen?

4.- What is overpopulation?

5.- What is deforestation?

6.- What is overfishing?

 

2.-  The five kigdoms

Living things are classified in groups called kingdoms. There are five kingdoms in our planet: plant kingdom, protist kingdom, monera kingdom, animal kingdom and fungus kingdom.

1.1.- Plant kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         They are multicellular.

-         They make their food through the photosynthesis. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen through the photosynthesis. Example: trees. 

1.2.- Protist kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         Most of them are unicellular but there are multicellular as well.

-         They live in water.

-         Examples: amoeba ( unicellular) and algae ( both of them).

 

1.3.-Monera kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         All the organisms are unicellular.

-         They live in the air, in water and on the land.

 

1.4.-Animal kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         Animals are multicellular.

-         They feed on the other living things.

 

1.5.-Fungus kingdom. Characteristics: 

-         They can be unicellular and multicellular.

-         They feed on the remains of dead plants and animals. They are called decomposers.

 

Activities

1.- List the 5 kigdoms.

2.- What is the photosynthesis?

3.- List the examples of the protist kingdom.

4.- Where do the monera kingdom live?

5.- How do the fungus kingdom live?

 

3.- Sustainability

Sustainability means using natural resources in a way that we could keep doing for a long time. We can be more sustainable by reducing our use of natural resources. For example, you could ride a bike instead of driving, which uses less oil.

The 3 principles of sustainability are : environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability. These principles guide us in creating a balanced and sustainable future for our planet and its inhabitants.

We just need collection, coordination, and collaboration together with  REUSING, RECYCLING, REDUCING.

Activities

1.- Definition of sustainability.

2.- Which are the three principles of sustainability ?

3.- What do we have to do for sustainability

 

 

 

 

 

4.- National Parks

A National Park is  an area of land that is protected by the government for people to visit because of its natural beauty and historical or scientific interest.

There are sixteen national parks in Spain: eleven in the Iberian Peninsula, four in the Canary Islands and one in the Balearic Islands. The most important National Parks are:

1.- Cabañeros National Park,  between the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo

2.- Doñana National Park. between the Andalusian provinces of Huelva and Seville.

3.- Sierra Nevada National Park in Granada and Almería.

4.- Sierra del Guadarrama National Park located in the provinces of Madrid and Segovia

5.- Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park  in the province of Ciudad Real.

6.- Picos de Europa National Park  located in the provinces of Asturias, Cantabria and León

7.- Monfragüe National Park in Cáceres 

8.- Ordesa and Monte Perdido  National Park in the north of Huesca

 

Activities

1.- Definition of National Park

2.- How many National Parls are there in Spain?

3.- List 5 Natural Parks

 

 

 

 

 

 

NS6: UNIT 5. REPRODUCTION

 

Unit 5: “ REPRODUCTION”

1.- Male and female reproductive systems.

2.- The reproductive process

3.-  Puberty

4.- Sexual health

 

1.-  Male and female reproductive system

Like other mammals, humans reproduce sexually. The male and female reproductive systems must work together to produce a baby.

 

1.1          Male reproductive system

 

-         The function of the male reproductive system is to produce sperm cells.

-         The main organs of the male reproductive system are:

 

a)The external organs include your penis, scrotum and testicles.( two testicles)

 b)Internal organs include  vas deferens, prostate and urethra. 

 

 

 

The testicles have two main fuctions:

 

1.- Thet store sperm cells.

2.- The testicles make hormones.

 

1.2          Female reproductive system

 

-         The organs of the female reproductive system are: vagina, ovaries, vulva, fallopian tubes and uterus.

-          The main reproductive organs are the ovaries.

-         Two tubes, called fallopian tubes, connect the ovaries to the uterus.

-         The uterus is a muscular organ that holds a growing baby.

 

Activities

1.- What is the fuction of the male reproductive system?

2.- Which are the main organs of the male reproductive system?

3.- Which are the functions of the testicles?

4.- Which are the main organs of the female reproductive system?

5.- Which is the function of the fallopian tubes?

6.- Which is the function of the uterus?

2. The reproduction process: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

 

2.1 Fertilization

- Sperm enter the woman’s body through the vagina.

- The sperm go up through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. - If an egg is in one of the fallopian tubes, the sperm try to join with it. Only one sperm can enter, or fertilize, the egg. The rest of the sperm die.

 

2.1 Pregnancy

- Once the egg is fertilized, pregnancy begins.

- The fertilized egg moves into the uterus.

- It starts to divide into many more cells.

-At first the developing baby is called [H1] an embryo. After about eight weeks the baby is called a fetus.

- In the uterus the baby grows inside a pouch called the amniotic sac.  The liquid protects the baby and lets it move around.

- The placenta is a structure that lines part of the uterus to feed the baby.

 

2.3. Birth

 

- After about nine months of development the baby is ready to leave the woman’s body.

- When the baby is born the umbilical cord and the placenta also leave the mother’s body.

 

Activities

1.- How is the fertilization produced?

2.- How is the developing baby called at first?

3.- How is the developing baby called after eight weeks?

4.- How is the pouch called where the baby grows?

5.- What is the fuction of the placenta?

6.- What happens when the baby is born?

 

3.- Puberty

3.1.-What's Puberty?

- Puberty  is the name for the time when your body begins to develop and change as you move from kid to adult.

- Everybody goes through these changes.

3.2.-When Does Puberty Start?

- Puberty starts between ages 8 and 13 in girls and ages 9 and 15 in boys. This wide range in ages may help explain why some of your friends still look like young kids while others look more like adults.

3.3.-What changes does Puberty bring in the body?

- When your body is ready to begin puberty your brain, releases special hormones.

-  Depending on whether you're a boy or a girl, these hormones go to work on different parts of the body.

- For boys, the hormones travel through the blood to begin making testosterone . Testosterone is the hormone that causes most of the changes in a boy's body during puberty.

- In girls, the hormones cause the ovaries to start making another hormone, called estrogen. - These hormones prepare a girl's body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday.

- Boys and girls both begin to grow hair under their arms and their pubic areas (on and around the genitals). 

-Boys also start to grow hair on their faces. In addition, boys' voices  become deeper.

- Girls' bodies usually become curvier. Their hips get wider and their breasts develop.

3.4.-Emotional changes during Puberty

Just as those hormones change the way your body looks on the outside, they also create changes on the inside. During puberty, you might feel confused or have strong emotions that you've never had before. You might feel overly sensitive or become upset easily.

Some kids lose their tempers more often and get angry with their friends or families. You also may feel anxious about how your changing body looks.

Activities

1.- Definition of puberty.

2.- When does the puberty start?

3.- What changes does a boy have in the body during the puberty period?

4.- What changes does a girl have in the body during the puberty period?

5.- List emotional changes in puberty.

 

 

4.- Sexual Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are usually spread by having unprotected sexual contact with someone who's infected. STIs are also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

You can help prevent STIs  being monogamous.

The most common sexual deseases are:

1.- Chlamydia.

2.-Gonorrhoea. ...

3.- Syphilis. ...

4.- Hepatitis C. ...

5.- Hepatitis B. ...

6.- Hepatitis A. ...

7.- Genital herpes. ...

8.-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

 

Activities

1.- What is a STI or STDS?

2.- List two common sexual diseases.

 

 

 

 

 

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