Unit
3: Health and illnesses
3.1 Diseases and illnesses.
3.2. Healthy habits.
3.3 Advances in medicine.
3.1
Diseases and illnesses.
·
Infectious
diseases
-
Pathogens
are organisms which produce illnesses
and diseases. The most important ones are bacteria and viruses.
-
The illnesses produced by bacteria are: tetanus, salmonellosis, conjutivitis, pneumonia.
-
The illnesses produced by viruses are: measles (sarampión), chickenpox
(varicela) and the flu.
-
The symptoms
of an infection are fever and inflammation.
-
Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics and antivirals.
·
Non
infectious diseases
-
Non infectious diseases are produced by factors such us: environment, unhealthy lifestyle, genetics, vitamins deficiency and
organ malfunction.
- The most important
non infectious diseases are: allergies,
cancer, heart diseases, diabetes and mental diseases.
3.2.
Healthy habits.
- Eat healthy.
- Do exercise.
- Sleep enough.
- Keep clean.
- Prevention.
- Don´t waste time
playing videogames. Game over.
- Say no to harmful(dañinas)
substances such as drugs or alcohol.
3.3
Advances in medicine
-
Medicine has advanced because of the
following reasons: prevention,
diagnosis, treatment, new techniques in surgery and other advances in medicine.
-
Prevention
is
produced by vaccination and antibodies.
-
Diagnosis
is
the act of identifying an illness based on symptoms and tests.
-
Treatment
can
be done with antibiotics and penicillin.
Alexander Fleming discovered the penicillin.
-
New
techniques in surgery are anaesthesia, microsurgery and keyhole surgery.
-
Other
advances in medicine are blood transfusion, insulin, organ trasplant and human
genome.
