NATURAL SCIENCE 3º : UNIT 2: Look after yourself

 

Unit 2: LOOK AFTER YOURSELF

1.1  Healthy diet

1.2  Healthy habits

1.3  Health problems

1.4  The stages of life

1.5  Feelings and emotions

 

1.1.      Healthy diet

A healthy diet is a balanced diet where we eat properly. There are 5 groups of food.

-        Carbohydrates and fibre.

-        Proteins and iron.

-        Fruit and vegetables.

-        Dairy products

-        Fats.

 

v Read the sentences and match.

a. This helps our digestive system work correctly.	fibre
b. We need them to grow.	proteins
c. We need them to stay healthy.	vitamins and minerals
d. They give us energy.	carbohydrates and fats

 

                                                                  

 

 

 

v Label. Student book page 24

 

 

v Find the odd picture

 

+

 

 

Ø Meals:  There are three main meals: breakfast, lunch and dinner and two healthy snacks: one in the morning and one in the afternoon ( fruit, yogourt).

 

v This is a healthy breakfast.

 

Milk Orange juice Cereals

 

 

Ø Our body is 75% water.

1.2.      Healthy habits

Healthy habits help us to keep fit and healthy. They could be:

-        Wash your hands.

-        Brush your teeth.

-        Do exercise.

-        Enjoy free time.

-        Rest.

-        Have a bath o shower. 

1.3.      Health problems

If you don´t take care of yourself, you can have health problems such as:

-        Colds and flu.

-        Stomach upsets

-        Tiredness

-        Respiratory problems.

-        Tooth decay

-        Obesity

1.4.      The stages of life

Human beings grow up. There are 5 stages of life:

-        Babies.

-        Children

-        Adolescents

-        Adults

-        Elderly people

 

1.5.      Feelings and emotions

We can feel many feelings and emotions in one day. 

It is important to Know how to recognise them. Some emotions are:

-        Lonely

-        Confident.

-        Proud

-        Worried

-        Annoyed

 

 

 

 

NARURAL SCIENCE 5º: UNIT 2: Interaction and the body

Unit 2: Interaction and the body

 

        2.1. Receiving information: The five senses.

        2.2. Processing information: The nervious system.

2.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor     system

 

2.1. Receiving information: The five senses.

        The five senses are: sight. hearing, smell, touch and taste.

Ø Sight elements: eyelid. eyelash, cornea, pupil, lens, iris, retina, blind spot, optic nerve.

 

Ø Hearing elements: semicircular canal, auditory nerve, cochlea, three small bones, eardrum, auditory canal.

 

 

Ø Smell elements: nostrils, nerve receptor and olfatory nerve.

 

Ø Taste elements: taste buds and tongue. There are four tastes: bitter, sour, salty and sweet.

 

·       Smell and taste go together because they have got a close relationship.

 

 

Ø Touch elements: dermis, nerves, blood vessels.

 

 

2.2. Processing information: The nervious system.

        The characteristics of the nervious system are:

-        It receives information from the five senses.

-        It is made up of millions of neurons.

-        It is divided in two parts: the central nervious system and the peripheral nervious system.

 

Ø The central nervious system

The central nervious system is made up of two parts: the brain and spinal cord.

·       The brain:

 

o  The main characteristics are:

 

-        The brain is the control centre.

-        It is procteted by the skull or cranium.

-        It controls voluntary movements ( consciously) and involuntary movements ( unconsciously).

 

o  The brain is made up of three parts:

 

-        The cerebum: It has got the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere. It controls thoughts, emotions, language, behaviour and voluntary movements.

 

-        The cerebelum: It controls balance, movement and coordination.

-        The brain stem: It controls involuntary movements such as breathing or digestión. It connects the brain to the spinal cord.

 

·       The espinal cord: It protects the vertebrae. It controls réflex actions ( spontaneous actions).

 

Ø The peripheral nervious system

·       Characterictics

 

-        It is made up of nerves.

-        It carries messages from the nervious system.

-        It consists of millions of neurons.

 

·       Types of neurons: There are two types:

- Sensory neurons: They are from the five senses.

- Motor neurons: They are related to our muscles.

 

2.3. Giving a response: The human locomotor system

        The locomotor system is made up of the skeleton, joints and the muscles.

 

Ø The skeleton

-        The skeleton fuction is to support the body and protect the internal organs.

-        The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage.

-        There are three types of bones: short bones                    (vertebrae), flat bones  ( ribs) and long bones ( arms and legs).

 

·       Label the bones in the picture. Book page 26

 

 

Ø Joints : They connect our bones by the ligaments. There are three types: fixed joints, semi-flexible joints and flexible joints.

 

Ø The muscles: Characteristics:

 

-        There are over 600 muscles in the human body.

-        Our muscles contract and relax.

-        The tendons connect muscles to the bones.

-        Our muscles can be voluntary and involuntary muscles.

 

·       Label the muscles in the picture. Book page 27