NATURAL SCIENCE 3º: UNIT 1: THE HUMAN BODY

 

Unit 1: THE HUMAN BODY

1.1 Parts of our body

1.2 Body systems

1.3 The five senses

 

1.1.      Parts of our body

The most important are:  hand, limb, head, torso, elbow, arm, knee, leg, hip.

 

 

1.2.        Body systems

 

                   Our body has organs. The organs form body systems. The main body systems are: circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system.

·      Circulatory system

 

          The circulatory system moves blood around our body. The main organs are: the heart, arteries and veins.

 

Respiratory system

 

                   The respiratory system alow us to breath. We breath oxygen through our  nose and expel carbon dioxide through our mouth.

 

                   The main organs are: nose, mouth and lungs.

Digestive system

                  

                   The digestive system help us to digest the food we eat. The main organs are: mouth, stomach and intestine.

 

 

1.3.    The five senses

The five senses are: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

 

-         I can see with my eyes. Draw your eyes.

 

 

-         I can hear with my ear. Draw your ears.

 

 

-         I can taste with my tongue. Draw your mouth and your tongue.

 

 

-         I can smell with my nose. Draw your nose.

 

-         I can touch with my fingers. Our skin is the organ we use to touch. Draw your hands with your fingers.

 

NATURAL SCIENCE 5º. UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS

 

UNIT 1 : LIVING THINGS

 

1.1.      Characteristics of living things.

1.2.      How are living things classified?

 

1.1 Characteristics of living things

 

Ø Cell structure

A cell is the smallest living unit. There are two types: animal cell and plant cell.

·        Animal cell: Components: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and vacuole.

 

 

·        Plant  cell: Components: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole.

         We can find two types of organisms:

-         Unicelullar organisms: They have just one cell.

-         Multicellular organisms: They are made up of many cells.

 

Ø Vital functions

The most important ones are: nutrition, interaction and reproduction.

·        Nutrition: All living things obtain nutrients from their environment to have energy. There are three types of nutrition:

 

-         Plants: They obtein nutrients from the photosynthesis.

-         Animals: They eat other living things.

-         Decomposers: They feed on the remains of dead plants and animals.

 

·        Interaction: Through the interaction we need a stimulus and the reaction is a response.

 

·        Reproduction: We can find two types: asexual and sexual reproduction.

 

-         Asexual reproduction.- The organism reproduce itself. Example: bacteria.

-         Sexual reproduction: The organism need a male and female to reproduce. Example: human beings.

 

1.2  How are living things classified?

 

Living things are classified in groups called kingdoms. There are five kingdoms in our nature: plant kingdom, protist kingdom, monera kingdom, animal kingdom and fungus kingdom.

 

 

 

Ø Plant kingdom. Characteristics:

 

-         They are multicellular.

-         They make their food through the photosynthesis. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen through the photosynthesis. Example: trees.

 

Ø Protist kingdom. Characteristics:

 

-         Most of them are unicellular but there are multicellular as well.

-         They live in water.

-         Examples: amoeba ( unicellular) and algae ( both of them).

 

Ø Monera kingdom. Characteristics:

 

-         All the organisms are unicellular.

-         They live in the air, in water and on the land.

 

Ø Animal kingdom. Characteristics:

 

-         Animals are multicellular.

-         They feed on the other living things.

 

Ø Fungus kingdom. Characteristics:

 

-         They can be unicellular and multicellular.

-         They feed on the remains of dead plants and animals. They are called decomposers.